Do I need to explicitly alloc my NSNumber?

Question

I am defining a number, as follows:

NSNumber *nn0 = [NSNumber numberWithInt:0];

It works fine without any alloc. My understanding is that i

Answer 1

The rule is simple, with very few exceptions:

If the selector returning an object has the word "new", "alloc", "retain" or "copy" in it, then you own the returned object and are responsible for releasing it when you are finished.

Otherwise you do not own it and should not release it. If you want to keep a reference to a non-owned object, you should call -[NSObject retain] on that instance. You now "own" that instance an must therefore call -[NSObject release] on the instance when you are done with it. Thus you do not own the instance returned by -[NSNumber numberWithInt:] and should not call -release on it when you are done. If you want to keep the returned instance beyond the current scope (really beyond the lifetime of the current NSAutoreleasePool instance), you should -retain it.

In RegEx terms, Peter Hosey lays it out very nicely in his blog. You own the returned object instance if the method selector matches this regex:

/^retain$|^(alloc|new)|[cC]opy/

Of course, the definitive reference is the Memory Management Programming Guide for Cocoa.

Answer 2

The "convenience constructors" for a lot of types produce an object that is automatically "autoreleased" - i.e. the new object will be retained by the current NSAutoreleasePool. You don't need to manually release these objects - they will be released when the current NSAutoreleasePool is released/drained.

See this page for a description of convenience constructors, and how to mange the memory for these.

http://www.macdevcenter.com/pub/a/mac/2001/07/27/cocoa.html?page=3

Answer 3

Just follow the core memory-management rule: If you "own" the variable, you have to eventually relinquish ownership. You take ownership by: creating the object (alloc/new/copy) or specifically taking ownership (retain). In all these cases, you're required to release it.

If you need the object to stick around, you need to take ownership of it. So if you know you only need the number for this method (like to pass it into an array or whatever), use the convenience method and just leave it at that. If you want to keep the number for some reason (and instance variable, for example), then you can safely alloc/init it.

If you release something that you don't own, you will get a runtime error.