Recently Google announced that Gmail will load external images using a proxy for safety purpose. This causing an issue for my application while displaying images in gmail.
The problem here is the URL you are using for your mailings. From the information provided, it appears to be:
http://localhost:8080/email/thread/1301/images/correct
This is a URL that refers to a file on your local computer. However, that URL - rather than the actual image - is being passed to Google's proxy to retrieve. Google has no way to access that URL from their proxy, and thus the image will not appear.
The solution is to ensure that the path you are using is one accessible outside of your local network; for example, by hosting the images on an externally-facing server.