I\'ve successfully allowed for a user to upload an image to local storage but I want to be able to then take that image and fill an image element on the page with that.
Well you can store the actual image data in localStorage (though be wary - there's a limit)
Have a look at the HTML5 rocks tutorial & scroll down to the bit headed READING FILES
Here the file is being read then the output put in the img:src tag. You could additionally put it in localStorage
Example: http://jsfiddle.net/8V9w6/ - select an image file, see the thumbnail? Then reload the page. The thumbnail should remain there. (Works latest Chrome/Firefox)