How to authenticate and send contract method using web3.js 1.0

Question

I am confused about how I should be executing a contract\'s method using the web3 1.0 library.

This code works (so long as I manually unlock the account first):

Answer 1

Here's a complete example of how to sign a transaction without a local wallet account. Especially useful if you are using infura for the transaction. This was written for

'use strict';
const Web3 = require('web3');

const wsAddress = 'wss://rinkeby.infura.io/ws';
const contractJson = '(taken from solc or remix online compiler)';
const privateKey = '0xOOOX';
const contractAddress = '0xOOOX';
const walletAddress = '0xOOOX';

const webSocketProvider = new Web3.providers.WebsocketProvider(wsAddress);
const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.WebsocketProvider(webSocketProvider));
const contract = new web3.eth.Contract(
  JSON.parse(contractJson),
  contractAddress
);
// change this to whatever contract method you are trying to call, E.G. SimpleStore("Hello World")
const query = contract.methods.SimpleStore('Hello World');
const encodedABI = query.encodeABI();
const tx = {
  from: walletAddress,
  to: contractAddress,
  gas: 2000000,
  data: encodedABI,
};

const account = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount(privateKey);
console.log(account);
web3.eth.getBalance(walletAddress).then(console.log);

web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(tx, privateKey).then(signed => {
  const tran = web3.eth
    .sendSignedTransaction(signed.rawTransaction)
    .on('confirmation', (confirmationNumber, receipt) => {
      console.log('=> confirmation: ' + confirmationNumber);
    })
    .on('transactionHash', hash => {
      console.log('=> hash');
      console.log(hash);
    })
    .on('receipt', receipt => {
      console.log('=> reciept');
      console.log(receipt);
    })
    .on('error', console.error);
});

Using

"web3": "1.0.0-beta.30"

Answer 2

This code allows me to sign a transaction server-side (node.js) using the privateKey from the account I created (using web3.eth.accounts.create()), and send the signed transaction to the network without having to unlock the account.

I am using Geth 1.7.1

  var contract = new web3.eth.Contract(contractJson, contractAddress);
  var transfer = contract.methods.transfer("0x...", 490);
  var encodedABI = transfer.encodeABI();

  var tx = {
    from: "0x...",
    to: contractAddress,
    gas: 2000000,
    data: encodedABI
  }; 

  web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(tx, privateKey).then(signed => {
    var tran = web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(signed.rawTransaction);

    tran.on('confirmation', (confirmationNumber, receipt) => {
      console.log('confirmation: ' + confirmationNumber);
    });

    tran.on('transactionHash', hash => {
      console.log('hash');
      console.log(hash);
    });

    tran.on('receipt', receipt => {
      console.log('reciept');
      console.log(receipt);
    });

    tran.on('error', console.error);
  });

Answer 3

A way to be able to call your contract methods without having to sign the transaction explicitly is this (web3js 1.0.0):

const privateKey = 'e0f3440344e4814d0dea8a65c1b9c488bab4295571c72fb879f5c29c8c861937';
const account = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount('0x' + privateKey);
web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add(account);
web3.eth.defaultAccount = account.address;

// ...
contract = new web3.eth.Contract(JSON_INTERFACE, address);
contract.methods.myMethod(myParam1, myParam2)
        .send({
            from: this.web3.eth.defaultAccount,
            gas: myConfig.gas,
            gasPrice: myConfig.gasPrice
        })