I have run my site through the debugger and the correct og:image pulls up, but when I click the share button on my site I get a different image. If I click the share button
You need to use og:image:width and og:image:height Open Graph tags in order to render image immediately, as described here: Facebook Content Sharing Best Practices
For what its worth, my problem was that I had "hotlink protection" on my cpanel, which was preventing FB to fetch the image and share it elsewhere. I unchecked it, and now it's showing the image.
I have read that secure URL's need to have additional code in the call.
og:image:secure_url - An alternate url to use if the webpage requires HTTPS.