sudo lsusb
Edit:
According to a blog post from Microsoft this feature is now fixed from build 16176 and forward.https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2017/04/18/file-system-improvements-to-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux/
There is no USB support at the moment. Only fixed disks will be mounted (automatically) in /mnt.
Also other storage (other than auto-mounted fixed disks) are not supported, This includes CD-ROM drives, loopback devices and network shares.
Here is a link to the developer feedback page: Unable to access USB devices from bash
Good news, it is now possible to mount USB media (including FAT formated) and network shares with drvfs on Windows 10:
Mount removable media: (e.g. D:)
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/d
$ sudo mount -t drvfs D: /mnt/d
To safely unmount
$ sudo umount /mnt/d
You can also mount network shares without smbfs:
$ sudo mount -t drvfs '\\server\share' /mnt/share
You need at least Build 16176 so you might have to opt-in to the Windows Insider programm and then update Windows. Source: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2017/04/18/file-system-improvements-to-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux/