Managed to find a pretty informative answer from the MSDN support forums:
I'm not only a C# moderator but also a C++ user :} The ipch directory
and the many, many new files generated by the compiler can be safely
deleted. In fact they should be deleted (and probably are) for clean
builds. I teach a C++ college class myself and here is what I require
my students to do.
1.In the solution folder delete all bin, obj, ipch, debug and release directories.
2.Delete any .suo files
3.Delete any .user files
4.Delete any .ncb files
5.Delete any .sbr files
6.Delete any .*log files (for VS 2010)
I've had no issues following the given steps.
(Source and original post)
Update:
raphinesse has also linked to a question which states that the .SDF file can be removed safely as well.