http://exercism.io/ has several not-so-trivial exercises, they give you a test and a description, you submit a solution and you refactor by looking at other people's code I highly recommend it, plus it's polyglot you can do the exercises in any programming language they support.
As others have mentioned Project Euler is a great place to start. But pick a good book that will teach you the fundamentals and the rationale for clojure's implementation, Programming Clojure by Stuart Halloway comes to mind.
Once you're done with that Timothy Baldridge offers several video tutorials where he dissects core.async, transducers, logic programming and lots of other fun stuff to play around with at: https://tbaldridge.pivotshare.com/