Several things that might help you:
Canvas Express is a powerful charting library : http://canvasxpress.org/
Here you can find a tutorial about rolling your own equation based graphs: http://www.html5canvastutorials.com/labs/html5-canvas-graphing-an-equation/
Using a canvas solution is very easy, You can retrieve your periodic data for the graph using ajax, and redraw the graph every time you retrieve new data.
Since it's all client side you won't have to refresh the page.
If you knwo your way aroudn javascript and ajax, then it's gonna be a medium difficulty. If you don't then you'll probably have to post some more questions on Stack Ovreflow to help you with the parts you get stuck with.