I am new to Solr and I\'m curious what the procedure is for changing/updating the schema?
I noticed that I can ADD new fields easily without causing any issues, but
You have to reindex. There is no other way around it. Indexing is a destructive process with relation to its input: text is sliced and diced to make it faster for search, so you can't recover the original text unless you had it in a stored field. (stored=true in your Solr field definition in schema.xml). If you did have it in a stored field, all you have to do is a little process to iterate through the documents and just re-send them so they're reindexed.