IMPORTANT Proved that migration from 18.3 to 18.3.4 causes this issue, and migration back to 18.3 removes it.
Everything worked until one moment. Th
Sounds like you're running in to the same problem discussed in this erlang-questions mail thread recently. Apparently the SSL application changed cipher suite configurations between 18.3 patch versions which can lead to this problem.
In the mail thread I referenced the solution was to configure SSL to use TLS 1.2, i.e. setting
{versions, ['tlsv1.2']}
for the SSL application.