java and python equivalent of php's foreach($array as $key => $value)

Question

In php, one can handle a list of state names and their abbreviations with an associative array like this:

Answer 1

in java for associative array use Map

import java.util.*;

class Foo
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Map<String, String> stateMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
        stateMap.put("ALABAMA", "AL");
        stateMap.put("ALASKA", "AK");
        // ...
        stateMap.put("WYOMING", "WY");

        for (Map.Entry<String, String> state : stateMap.entrySet()) {
             System.out.printf(
                "The abbreviation for %s is %s%n",
                state.getKey(),
                state.getValue()
            );
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

This is the modified code from o948 where you use a TreeMap instead of a HashMap. The Tree map will preserve the ordering of the keys by the key.

import java.util.*;

class Foo
{
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
    Map<String, String> stateMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
    stateMap.put("ALABAMA", "AL");
    stateMap.put("ALASKA", "AK");
    // ...
    stateMap.put("WYOMING", "WY");

    for (Map.Entry<String, String> state : stateMap.entrySet()) {
             System.out.printf(
                    "The abbreviation for %s is %s%n",
                    state.getKey(),
                    state.getValue()
            );
      }
    }
 }

Answer 3

Along the lines of Alexander's answer...

The native python dictionary doesn't maintain ordering for maximum efficiency of its primary use: an unordered mapping of keys to values.

I can think of two workarounds:

1. look at the source code of OrderedDict and include it in your own program.

2. make a list that holds the keys in order:

   states = ['Alabamba', 'Alaska', ...]  
   statesd = {'Alabamba':'AL', 'Alaska':'AK', ...}
   for k in states:
       print "The abbreviation for %s is %s." % (k, statesd[k])
   

Answer 4

in Python:

for key, value in stateDict.items(): # .iteritems() in Python 2.x
    print "The abbreviation for %s is %s." % (key, value)

in Java:

Map<String,String> stateDict;

for (Map.Entry<String,String> e : stateDict.entrySet())
    System.out.println("The abbreviation for " + e.getKey() + " is " + e.getValue() + ".");

Answer 5

Another way of doing it in Java. Although a better way has already been posted, this one's syntactically closer to your php code.

for (String x:stateDict.keySet()){
        System.out.printf("The abbreviation for %s is %s\n",x,stateDict.get(x));
    }

Answer 6

In python an ordered dictionary is available in Python 2.7 (not yet released) and Python 3.1. It's called OrderedDict.