Git ignore - How do you override an exception to an ignore-all?

Question

I want to create a git repo of my bash settings and plugins and whatnot. I have ignored everything (line 0) and then manually added the files/folders that I want in the repo

Answer 1

The issue was the # comment on the same line as .vim/colors/*, but here is an alternative.

The main rule for gitignore is:

It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of that file is excluded.

That means:
(assuming the elements are not already versioned, in which case you need to git rm --cached them first):

• you need to ignore all the files recursively: that is '**'
• exclude all the folders recursively: those are '**/'
• exclude the file you want (which will work because its parent folder is not ignored as well)

Result:

/**
!/**/
!exclude what you want to *not* be ignored
# for instance
.vim/colors/* # Don't include all of the other color schemes
!.vim/colors/apprentice.vim

Check what is and is not ignored with git check-ignore -v (the -v is important):

git check-ignore -v -- afile

It is easier than un-ignoring a sub-folder manually, especially when the sub-folder content to un-ignore is several level deep: to exclude a file in a/b/c, you need first to un-ignore !/a, then !/a/b, then !/a/b/c)

---

Illustration/test:

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests>git init i
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/vonc/prog/git/tests/i/.git/

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests>cd i

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests\i>mkdir .vim\colors

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests\i>touch .vim\colors\apprentice.vim

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests\i>git st
On branch master

Initial commit

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

        .vim/

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

Simple .gitignore with /* rule:

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests\i>sbt .gitignore
/*

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests\i>git st
On branch master

Initial commit

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

Lets add !.gitignore.
.gitignore can now be tracked.

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests\i>git st
On branch master

Initial commit

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

        .gitignore

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

But if I add:

.vim/colors/*
!.vim/colors/apprentice.vim

.vim all content is still ignored:

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests\i>git st
On branch master

Initial commit

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

        .gitignore

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

Let's check why with git check-ignore:

C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\tests\i>git check-ignore -v -- .vim\colors\apprentice.vim
.gitignore:1:/* ".vim\\colors\\apprentice.vim"

Adding !.vim works, because it un-ignore the folder, allowing the other rules within that folder to apply.

Still, this is simpler:

/**
!/**/
!.gitignore
.vim/colors/*
!.vim/colors/apprentice.vim

Answer 2

Your rules seem to be fine. Except *.swp would be covered by /* and the comment not being on its own line.

As you can see all other .vim/colors are ignored.

If your files have already been staged, you may need to unstage them and remove them from the repository, then readd them.

git rm --cached ./.vim/colors/*
git add ./.vim/colors/
git commit -m"Unstaged .vim/colors"

Final .gitignore to use

/*
!.gitignore

!.bashrc
!.bash_profile

!.vimrc
!.vim
.vim/colors/*
!.vim/colors/apprentice.vim