SQL Join to get most recent record

Question

I have three tables:

• Measurements (MeasureID, Time, Distance, Value)
• Events(EventID, Time Value)
• EventValues

Answer 1

You can use CROSS APPLY.

SELECT  
    M.*, Data.* 
FROM [Measure] M 
CROSS APPLY
     (SELECT TOP 1 EV.* FROM [Event] E JOIN EventValues EV ON E.EventID = EV.EventID  
     WHERE M.Time >= E.Time ORDER BY E.Time DESC) AS Data
ORDER BY M.Distance 

Answer 2

Try something like this (not tested)

SELECT * FROM
(
    SELECT M.*, E.*, EV.EventDataID, EV.Type, EV.Value,
        Rank() over (Partition BY M.MeasureID order by M.Time - E.Time) as Rank
    FROM [Measure] M 
    INNER JOIN [Event] E ON M.Time >= E.Time
    INNER JOIN EventValues EV ON E.EventID = EV.EventID
) T
WHERE Rank = 1

EDIT

SELECT * FROM
(
    SELECT M.*, E.*, EV.EventDataID, EV.Type, EV.Value,
        Rank() over (Partition BY M.MeasureID order by M.Time - E.Time) as Rank
    FROM [Measure] M 
    LEFT JOIN [Event] E ON M.Time >= E.Time
    LEFT JOIN EventValues EV ON E.EventID = EV.EventID
) T
WHERE Rank = 1