I\'m struggling to implement a fairly trivial functionality with JSF which involves dynamically displaying the content of a nested map on a page and editing capabilities for
Basically, what your code is attempting is invoking Map.Entry#setValue(value). This is indeed not possible in EL. Instead, you should be referencing the map value directly on the map itself by key, so that EL can do Map#put(key, value).
<c:forEach items="#{number.value}" var="case">
...
<h:inputText value="#{number.value[case.key]}" />