Python to show special characters

Question

I know there are tons of threads regarding this issue but I have not managed to find one which solves my problem.

I am trying to print a string but when printed it d

Answer 1

The contents of the strings are not unicode, they are UTF-8 encoded.

>>> print u'Von D\xc3\xbc'
Von Dü
>>> print 'Von D\xc3\xbc'
Von Dü

>>> print unicode('Von D\xc3\xbc', 'utf-8')
Von Dü
>>> 

Edit:

>>> print '\xc3\x96berg' # no unicode identifier, works as expected because it's an UTF-8 encoded string
Öberg
>>> print u'\xc3\x96berg' # has unicode identifier, means print uses the unicode charset now, outputs weird stuff
Ãberg

# Look at the differing object types:
>>> type('\xc3\x96berg')
<type 'str'>
>>> type(u'\xc3\x96berg')
<type 'unicode'>

>>> '\xc3\x96berg'.decode('utf-8') # this command converts from UTF-8 to unicode, look at the unicode identifier in the output
u'\xd6berg'
>>> unicode('\xc3\x96berg', 'utf-8') # this does the same thing
u'\xd6berg'
>>> unicode(u'foo bar', 'utf-8') # trying to convert a unicode string to unicode will fail as expected
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: decoding Unicode is not supported

Answer 2

Prevention is better than cure. What you need is to find out how that rubbish is being created. Please edit your question to show the code that creates it, and then we can help you fix it. It looks like somebody has done:

your_unicode_string =  original_utf8_encoded_bytestring.decode('latin1')

The cure is to reverse the process, simply, and then decode.

correct_unicode_string = your_unicode_string.encode('latin1').decode('utf8')

Update Based on the code that you supplied, the probable cause is that the website declares that it is encoded in ISO-8859-1 (aka latin1) but in reality it is encoded in UTF-8. Please update your question to show us the url.

If you can't show it, read the BS docs; it looks like you'll need to use:

BeautifulSoup(web, from_encoding='utf8')

Answer 3

Unicode support in many languages is confusing, so your error here is understandable. Those strings are UTF-8 bytes, which would work properly if you drop the u at the front:

>>> err = u'\xc3\x96berg'
>>> print err
Ã?berg
>>> x = '\xc3\x96berg'
>>> print x
Öberg
>>> u = x.decode('utf-8')
>>> u
u'\xd6berg'
>>> print u
Öberg

For lots more information:

http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html

http://docs.python.org/howto/unicode.html

---

You should really really read those links and understand what is going on before proceeding. If, however, you absolutely need to have something that works today, you can use this horrible hack that I am embarrassed to post publicly:

def convert_fake_unicode_to_real_unicode(string):
    return ''.join(map(chr, map(ord, string))).decode('utf-8')