Google Chrome does not launch JNLP file automatically, so I recommend for our users this solution. It works but the downloaded JNLP file remains in download folder. Deleting
There is nothing in the Java WebStart paper that describes such a mechanism, hence you are in "vendor-specific" territory, and I do not think that there is an API letting your application know where the JNLP file is.
You can, however, provide a replacement for javaws which invoke the original javaws with -wait and delete the JNLP file afterwards. This must be installed by the user.