How can I get a list of the symbols in a sympy expression?

Question

For example, if I run

import sympy
x, y, z = sympy.symbols(\'x:z\')
f = sympy.exp(x + y) - sympy.sqrt(z)

is there any method of f

Answer 1

Note that JuniorCompressors answer only lists free variables.

If you have a Sum, a Product, an Integral, or something similar, you may or may not want to additionally know the integration/summation variable using the .variables attribute:

In [216]: (x, n) = sympy.symbols("x n")

In [217]: f = sympy.Sum(x, (n, 0, 10))

In [218]: f.free_symbols
Out[218]: {x}

In [219]: f.variables
Out[219]: [n]

Answer 2

A very useful attribute is atoms

x, y, z = sympy.symbols('x:z')
expr1 = sympy.exp(x + y) - sympy.sqrt(z)
display(expr1.free_symbols)
display(expr1.atoms(sympy.Symbol))

{                                                                    

                                                        
            

Answer 3

You can use:

f.free_symbols

which will return a set of all free symbols.

Example:

>>> import sympy
>>> x, y, z = sympy.symbols('x:z')
>>> f = sympy.exp(x + y) - sympy.sqrt(z)
>>> f.free_symbols
set([x, z, y])