Set Theory Union of arrays in PHP

Question

There are 3 operations with sets in mathematics: intersection, difference and union (unification). In PHP we can do this operations with arrays:

• intersection:

Answer 1

The OP did not specify whether the union is by value or by key and PHP has array_merge for merging values and + for merging the keys. The results depends on whether the array is indexed or keyed and which array comes first.

$a = ['a', 'b'];
$b = ['b', 'c'];

$c = ['a' => 'A',  'b' => 'B'];
‌‌$d = ['a' => 'AA', 'c' => 'C'];

Indexed array

See array_merge

By value using array_merge

‌‌array_merge($a, $b); // [‌0 => 'a', 1 => 'b', 2 => 'b', 3 => 'c']
‌‌array_merge($b, $a); // ‌[0 => 'b', 1 => 'c', 2 => 'a', 3 => 'b']

merge by key using + operator

See + operator

‌‌$a + $b; ‌// [0 => 'a', 1 => 'b']
$b + $a; // [0 => 'b', 1 => 'c']

Keyed array

By value using array_merge

‌array_merge($c, $d); // ‌['a' => 'AA', 'b' => 'B', 'c' => 'C']
array_merge($d, $c); // ['a' => 'A',  'c' => 'C', 'b' => 'B']

merge by key using + operator

$c + $d; // [‌'a' => 'A',  'b' => 'B', 'c' => 'C']
‌‌$d + $c; // ‌['a' => 'AA', 'c' => 'C', 'b' => 'B']

Answer 2

The + operator:

$x[0] = 4;
$x[1] = 1;

$y[0] = 9;
$y[2] = 5;

$u = $y + $x;

// Results in:
$u[0] === 9;
$u[1] === 1;
$u[2] === 5;

Note that $x + $y != $y + $x

Answer 3

From the code in the PHP: Array Operators documentation:

<?php
$a = array("a" => "apple", "b" => "banana");
$b = array("a" => "pear", "b" => "strawberry", "c" => "cherry");

$c = $a + $b; // Union of $a and $b
echo "Union of \$a and \$b: \n";
var_dump($c);

$c = $b + $a; // Union of $b and $a
echo "Union of \$b and \$a: \n";
var_dump($c);
?>

When executed, this script will print the following:

Union of $a and $b:
array(3) {
  ["a"]=>
  string(5) "apple"
  ["b"]=>
  string(6) "banana"
  ["c"]=>
  string(6) "cherry"
}
Union of $b and $a:
array(3) {
  ["a"]=>
  string(4) "pear"
  ["b"]=>
  string(10) "strawberry"
  ["c"]=>
  string(6) "cherry"
}

Answer 4

Just use $array1 + $array2 It will result union of both array.