Is there a downside to declaring variables with auto in C++?

Question

It seems that auto was a fairly significant feature to be added in C++11 that seems to follow a lot of the newer languages. As with a language like Python, I ha

Answer 1

I think auto is good when used in a localized context, where the reader easily & obviously can deduct its type, or well documented with a comment of its type or a name that infer the actual type. Those who don't understand how it works might take it in the wrong ways, like using it instead of template or similar. Here are some good and bad use cases in my opinion.

void test (const int & a)
{
    // b is not const
    // b is not a reference

    auto b = a;

    // b type is decided by the compiler based on value of a
    // a is int
}

Good Uses

Iterators

std::vector<boost::tuple<ClassWithLongName1,std::vector<ClassWithLongName2>,int> v();

..

std::vector<boost::tuple<ClassWithLongName1,std::vector<ClassWithLongName2>,int>::iterator it = v.begin();

// VS

auto vi = v.begin();

Function Pointers

int test (ClassWithLongName1 a, ClassWithLongName2 b, int c)
{
    ..
}

..

int (*fp)(ClassWithLongName1, ClassWithLongName2, int) = test;

// VS

auto *f = test;

Bad Uses

Data Flow

auto input = "";

..

auto output = test(input);

Function Signature

auto test (auto a, auto b, auto c)
{
    ..
}

Trivial Cases

for(auto i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
    ..
}

Answer 2

Keyword auto simply deduce the type from the return value. Therefore, it is not equivalent with a Python object, e.g.

# Python
a
a = 10       # OK
a = "10"     # OK
a = ClassA() # OK

// C++
auto a;      // Unable to deduce variable a
auto a = 10; // OK
a = "10";    // Value of const char* can't be assigned to int
a = ClassA{} // Value of ClassA can't be assigned to int
a = 10.0;    // OK, implicit casting warning

Since auto is deduced during compilation, it won't have any drawback at runtime whatsoever.