XCode dylib looking in /usr/lib

Question

I created a dylib in XCode. I set the installtion directory to @rpath. Then I created a test project in which I am using this dylib. When I run it, I get dyld error:library

Answer 1

Edit: I re-read your question after writing this answer. Since you're only creating the dylib, not an executable, you should only need to use the install_name_tool -id command. I don't believe you can tell it to look for itself whereever it's located. I think you have to give it a path. In this example, it looks in the application bundle's Frameworks path, which is a pretty reasonable place to look.

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You have to change both the path where your application looks for the file and the path where the library expects to find itself. Here's an example where I'm using three OpenCV libraries.

These first lines tell the application to look for the libraries in the application bundle's Frameworks folder. ($BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$EXECUTABLE_PATH is the combination of environment variables that specify the executable file.)

#Fix references in executable
install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_core.2.3.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$EXECUTABLE_PATH 
install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_imgproc.2.3.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgproc.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$EXECUTABLE_PATH 
install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_highgui.2.3.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_highgui.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$EXECUTABLE_PATH

I got the first parameter (lib/libopencv_core.2.3.dylib) by previously running otool -L.

$ otool -L libopencv_imgproc.2.3.1.dylib 
libopencv_imgproc.2.3.1.dylib:
    lib/libopencv_imgproc.2.3.dylib (compatibility version 2.3.0, current version 2.3.1)
    lib/libopencv_core.2.3.dylib (compatibility version 2.3.0, current version 2.3.1)
    /usr/lib/libz.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.2.3)
    /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 7.9.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.2.11)

These next lines tell the libraries to look for themselves in the Frameworks folder.

#Fix install location in libraries
install_name_tool -id @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH/libopencv_core.2.3.1.dylib
install_name_tool -id @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgproc.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH/libopencv_imgproc.2.3.1.dylib
install_name_tool -id @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_highgui.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH/libopencv_highgui.2.3.1.dylib

And these lines tell the libraries to look for each other in the Frameworks folder.

#Fix references in libraries
install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_core.2.3.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH/libopencv_imgproc.2.3.1.dylib
install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_core.2.3.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_core.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH/libopencv_highgui.2.3.1.dylib 
install_name_tool -change lib/libopencv_imgproc.2.3.dylib @executable_path/../Frameworks/libopencv_imgproc.2.3.1.dylib $BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH/libopencv_highgui.2.3.1.dylib

This all came from my target's Run Script build phase in my Xcode project.