How to resolve 'cannot pass parameter by reference' error in PHP?

Question

Here\'s my code:

$stmt = $conn->mysqli->prepare(\'INSERT INTO photos (CaseNo, ImageName, CaptureTime, UploadTime) VALUES (?,?,?,?)\');
$stmt->bind_p         


        

Answer 1

Change

$stmt->bind_param('isss', $caseno, $index.'.'.$extension, $captureTime, $uploadTime);

to

$isss = 'isss';
$indexExtention = $index.'.'.$extension
$stmt->bind_param($isss, $caseno, $indexExtention , $captureTime, $uploadTime);

I believe you have to pass variables rather than a string.

Or you could use bindvalue() instead of bindparam() if you're using PDO.

Answer 2

Maybe you need to cast it to string?

...$extension, (string) $captureTime, (string) $uploadTime);