Quoting backslashes in Python string literals

Question

I have a string that contains both double-quotes and backslashes that I want to set to a variable in Python. However, whenever I try to set it, the quotes or slashes are eit

Answer 1

Use a raw string:

>>> foo = r'baz "\"'
>>> foo
'baz "\\"'

Note that although it looks wrong, it's actually right. There is only one backslash in the string foo.

This happens because when you just type foo at the prompt, python displays the result of __repr__() on the string. This leads to the following (notice only one backslash and no quotes around the printed string):

>>> foo = r'baz "\"'
>>> foo
'baz "\\"'
>>> print foo
baz "\"

And let's keep going because there's more backslash tricks. If you want to have a backslash at the end of the string and use the method above you'll come across a problem:

>>> foo = r'baz \'
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    foo = r'baz \'
                 ^  
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning single-quoted string

Raw strings don't work properly when you do that. You have to use a regular string and escape your backslashes:

>>> foo = 'baz \\'
>>> print foo
baz \

However, if you're working with Windows file names, you're in for some pain. What you want to do is use forward slashes and the os.path.normpath() function:

myfile = os.path.normpath('c:/folder/subfolder/file.txt')
open(myfile)

This will save a lot of escaping and hair-tearing. This page was handy when going through this a while ago.

Answer 2

You're being mislead by output -- the second approach you're taking actually does what you want, you just aren't believing it. :)

>>> foo = 'baz "\\"'
>>> foo
'baz "\\"'
>>> print foo
baz "\"

Incidentally, there's another string form which might be a bit clearer:

>>> print r'baz "\"'
baz "\"

Answer 3

Another way to end a string with a backslash is to end the string with a backslash followed by a space, and then call the .strip() function on the string.

I was trying to concatenate two string variables and have them separated by a backslash, so i used the following:

newString = string1 + "\ ".strip() + string2

Answer 4

What Harley said, except the last point - it's not actually necessary to change the '/'s into '\'s before calling open. Windows is quite happy to accept paths with forward slashes.

infile = open('c:/folder/subfolder/file.txt')

The only time you're likely to need the string normpathed is if you're passing to to another program via the shell (using os.system or the subprocess module).