How can I remove the ANSI escape sequences from a string in python

Question

This is my string:

\'ls\\r\\n\\x1b[00m\\x1b[01;31mexamplefile.zip\\x1b[00m\\r\\n\\x1b[01;31m\'

I was using code to retrieve the output from

Answer 1

Delete them with a regular expression:

import re

# 7-bit C1 ANSI sequences
ansi_escape = re.compile(r'''
    \x1B  # ESC
    (?:   # 7-bit C1 Fe (except CSI)
        [@-Z\\-_]
    |     # or [ for CSI, followed by a control sequence
        \[
        [0-?]*  # Parameter bytes
        [ -/]*  # Intermediate bytes
        [@-~]   # Final byte
    )
''', re.VERBOSE)
result = ansi_escape.sub('', sometext)

or, without the VERBOSE flag, in condensed form:

ansi_escape = re.compile(r'\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])')
result = ansi_escape.sub('', sometext)

Demo:

>>> import re
>>> ansi_escape = re.compile(r'\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])')
>>> sometext = 'ls\r\n\x1b[00m\x1b[01;31mexamplefile.zip\x1b[00m\r\n\x1b[01;31m'
>>> ansi_escape.sub('', sometext)
'ls\r\nexamplefile.zip\r\n'

The above regular expression covers all 7-bit ANSI C1 escape sequences, but not the 8-bit C1 escape sequence openers. The latter are never used in today's UTF-8 world where the same range of bytes have a different meaning.

If you do need to cover the 8-bit codes too (and are then, presumably, working with bytes values) then the regular expression becomes a bytes pattern like this:

# 7-bit and 8-bit C1 ANSI sequences
ansi_escape_8bit = re.compile(br'''
    (?: # either 7-bit C1, two bytes, ESC Fe (omitting CSI)
        \x1B
        [@-Z\\-_]
    |   # or a single 8-bit byte Fe (omitting CSI)
        [\x80-\x9A\x9C-\x9F]
    |   # or CSI + control codes
        (?: # 7-bit CSI, ESC [ 
            \x1B\[
        |   # 8-bit CSI, 9B
            \x9B
        )
        [0-?]*  # Parameter bytes
        [ -/]*  # Intermediate bytes
        [@-~]   # Final byte
    )
''', re.VERBOSE)
result = ansi_escape_8bit.sub(b'', somebytesvalue)

which can be condensed down to

# 7-bit and 8-bit C1 ANSI sequences
ansi_escape_8bit = re.compile(
    br'(?:\x1B[@-Z\\-_]|[\x80-\x9A\x9C-\x9F]|(?:\x1B\[|\x9B)[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])'
)
result = ansi_escape_8bit.sub(b'', somebytesvalue)

For more information, see:

• the ANSI escape codes overview on Wikipedia
• ECMA-48 standard, 5th edition (especially sections 5.3 and 5.3)

The example you gave contains 4 CSI (Control Sequence Introducer) codes, as marked by the \x1B[ or ESC [ opening bytes, and each contains a SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) code, because they each end in m. The parameters (separated by ; semicolons) in between those tell your terminal what graphic rendition attributes to use. So for each \x1B[....m sequence, the 3 codes that are used are:

• 0 (or 00 in this example): reset, disable all attributes
• 1 (or 01 in the example): bold
• 31: red (foreground)

However, there is more to ANSI than just CSI SGR codes. With CSI alone you can also control the cursor, clear lines or the whole display, or scroll (provided the terminal supports this of course). And beyond CSI, there are codes to select alternative fonts (SS2 and SS3), to send 'private messages' (think passwords), to communicate with the terminal (DCS), the OS (OSC), or the application itself (APC, a way for applications to piggy-back custom control codes on to the communication stream), and further codes to help define strings (SOS, Start of String, ST String Terminator) or to reset everything back to a base state (RIS). The above regexes cover all of these.

Note that the above regex only removes the ANSI C1 codes, however, and not any additional data that those codes may be marking up (such as the strings sent between an OSC opener and the terminating ST code). Removing those would require additional work outside the scope of this answer.

Answer 2

if you want to remove the \r\n bit, you can pass the string through this function (written by sarnold):

def stripEscape(string):
    """ Removes all escape sequences from the input string """
    delete = ""
    i=1
    while (i<0x20):
        delete += chr(i)
        i += 1
    t = string.translate(None, delete)
    return t

Careful though, this will lump together the text in front and behind the escape sequences. So, using Martijn's filtered string 'ls\r\nexamplefile.zip\r\n', you will get lsexamplefile.zip. Note the ls in front of the desired filename.

I would use the stripEscape function first to remove the escape sequences, then pass the output to Martijn's regular expression, which would avoid concatenating the unwanted bit.

Answer 3

The suggested regex didn't do the trick for me so I created one of my own. The following is a python regex that I created based on the spec found here

ansi_regex = r'\x1b(' \
             r'(\[\??\d+[hl])|' \
             r'([=<>a-kzNM78])|' \
             r'([\(\)][a-b0-2])|' \
             r'(\[\d{0,2}[ma-dgkjqi])|' \
             r'(\[\d+;\d+[hfy]?)|' \
             r'(\[;?[hf])|' \
             r'(#[3-68])|' \
             r'([01356]n)|' \
             r'(O[mlnp-z]?)|' \
             r'(/Z)|' \
             r'(\d+)|' \
             r'(\[\?\d;\d0c)|' \
             r'(\d;\dR))'
ansi_escape = re.compile(ansi_regex, flags=re.IGNORECASE)

I tested my regex on the following snippet (basically a copy paste from the ascii-table.com page)

\x1b[20h    Set
\x1b[?1h    Set
\x1b[?3h    Set
\x1b[?4h    Set
\x1b[?5h    Set
\x1b[?6h    Set
\x1b[?7h    Set
\x1b[?8h    Set
\x1b[?9h    Set
\x1b[20l    Set
\x1b[?1l    Set
\x1b[?2l    Set
\x1b[?3l    Set
\x1b[?4l    Set
\x1b[?5l    Set
\x1b[?6l    Set
\x1b[?7l    Reset
\x1b[?8l    Reset
\x1b[?9l    Reset
\x1b=   Set
\x1b>   Set
\x1b(A  Set
\x1b)A  Set
\x1b(B  Set
\x1b)B  Set
\x1b(0  Set
\x1b)0  Set
\x1b(1  Set
\x1b)1  Set
\x1b(2  Set
\x1b)2  Set
\x1bN   Set
\x1bO   Set
\x1b[m  Turn
\x1b[0m Turn
\x1b[1m Turn
\x1b[2m Turn
\x1b[4m Turn
\x1b[5m Turn
\x1b[7m Turn
\x1b[8m Turn
\x1b[1;2    Set
\x1b[1A Move
\x1b[2B Move
\x1b[3C Move
\x1b[4D Move
\x1b[H  Move
\x1b[;H Move
\x1b[4;3H   Move
\x1b[f  Move
\x1b[;f Move
\x1b[1;2    Move
\x1bD   Move/scroll
\x1bM   Move/scroll
\x1bE   Move
\x1b7   Save
\x1b8   Restore
\x1bH   Set
\x1b[g  Clear
\x1b[0g Clear
\x1b[3g Clear
\x1b#3  Double-height
\x1b#4  Double-height
\x1b#5  Single
\x1b#6  Double
\x1b[K  Clear
\x1b[0K Clear
\x1b[1K Clear
\x1b[2K Clear
\x1b[J  Clear
\x1b[0J Clear
\x1b[1J Clear
\x1b[2J Clear
\x1b5n  Device
\x1b0n  Response:
\x1b3n  Response:
\x1b6n  Get
\x1b[c  Identify
\x1b[0c Identify
\x1b[?1;20c Response:
\x1bc   Reset
\x1b#8  Screen
\x1b[2;1y   Confidence
\x1b[2;2y   Confidence
\x1b[2;9y   Repeat
\x1b[2;10y  Repeat
\x1b[0q Turn
\x1b[1q Turn
\x1b[2q Turn
\x1b[3q Turn
\x1b[4q Turn
\x1b<   Enter/exit
\x1b=   Enter
\x1b>   Exit
\x1bF   Use
\x1bG   Use
\x1bA   Move
\x1bB   Move
\x1bC   Move
\x1bD   Move
\x1bH   Move
\x1b12  Move
\x1bI  
\x1bK  
\x1bJ  
\x1bZ  
\x1b/Z 
\x1bOP 
\x1bOQ 
\x1bOR 
\x1bOS 
\x1bA  
\x1bB  
\x1bC  
\x1bD  
\x1bOp 
\x1bOq 
\x1bOr 
\x1bOs 
\x1bOt 
\x1bOu 
\x1bOv 
\x1bOw 
\x1bOx 
\x1bOy 
\x1bOm 
\x1bOl 
\x1bOn 
\x1bOM 
\x1b[i 
\x1b[1i
\x1b[4i
\x1b[5i

Hopefully this will help others :)

Answer 4

The accepted answer to this question only considers color and font effects. There are a lot of sequences that do not end in 'm', such as cursor positioning, erasing, and scroll regions.

The complete regexp for Control Sequences (aka ANSI Escape Sequences) is

/(\x9B|\x1B\[)[0-?]*[ -\/]*[@-~]/

Refer to ECMA-48 Section 5.4 and ANSI escape code

Answer 5

Function

Based on Martijn Pieters♦'s answer with Jeff's regexp.

def escape_ansi(line):
    ansi_escape = re.compile(r'(?:\x1B[@-_]|[\x80-\x9F])[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]')
    return ansi_escape.sub('', line)

Test

def test_remove_ansi_escape_sequence(self):
    line = '\t\u001b[0;35mBlabla\u001b[0m                                  \u001b[0;36m172.18.0.2\u001b[0m'

    escaped_line = escape_ansi(line)

    self.assertEqual(escaped_line, '\tBlabla                                  172.18.0.2')

---

Testing

If you want to run it by yourself, use python3 (better unicode support, blablabla). Here is how the test file should be:

import unittest
import re

def escape_ansi(line):
    …

class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_remove_ansi_escape_sequence(self):
    …

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Answer 6

If it helps future Stack Overflowers, I was using the crayons library to give my Python output a bit more visual impact, which is advantageous as it works on both Windows and Linux platforms. However I was both displaying onscreen as well as appending to log files, and the escape sequences were impacting legibility of the log files, so wanted to strip them out. However the escape sequences inserted by crayons produced an error:

expected string or bytes-like object

The solution was to cast the parameter to a string, so only a tiny modification to the commonly accepted answer was needed:

def escape_ansi(line):
    ansi_escape = re.compile(r'(\x9B|\x1B\[)[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]')
    return ansi_escape.sub('', str(line))