Currently there's no search support for Docker Registry v2.
There was a long-running thread on the topic. The current plan is to support search with an extension in the end, which should be ready by v2.1.
As a workaround, execute the following on the machine where your registry v2 is running:
> docker exec -it <your_registry_container_id> bash
> ls /var/lib/registry/docker/registry/v2/repositories/
The images are in subdirectories corresponding to their namespace, e.g. jwilder/nginx-proxy