How to know if a Linux system call is restartable or not?

Question

Some system calls can be restarted transparently by the Kernel if the SA_RESTART flag is used when installing the signal handler, according to man signal(7):

Answer 1

close is a rather special case. Not only is it not restartable on Linux; when close returns with EINTR on Linux, it has actually already succeeded, and making another call to close will fail with EBADF in single-threaded processes and cause extremely dangerous file-descriptor races in multi-threaded processes.

As of the published POSIX 2008, this behavior is permitted:

If close() is interrupted by a signal that is to be caught, it shall return -1 with errno set to [EINTR] and the state of fildes is unspecified.

This issue was raised with the Austin Group (as Issue #529) and it was resolved to revise the specification such that returning with EINTR means the file descriptor is still open; this is contrary to the current Linux behavior. If the file descriptor has already been closed at the time the signal is handled, the close function is now required to return with EINPROGRESS instead of EINTR. This can be fixed in userspace on Linux, and there is an open glibc bug report, #14627 for it, but as of this writing it has not received any response.

This issue also has serious implications for POSIX thread cancellation, the side effects of which are specified in terms of the side effects upon returning with EINTR. There is a related issue on the Austin Group tracker, Issue #614.

Answer 2

As per POSIX.1-2008, the SA_RESTART flag applies to all interruptible functions (all function which are documented to fail with EINTR):

SA_RESTART

This flag affects the behavior of interruptible functions; that is, those specified to fail with errno set to [EINTR]. If set, and a function specified as interruptible is interrupted by this signal, the function shall restart and shall not fail with [EINTR] unless otherwise specified. If an interruptible function which uses a timeout is restarted, the duration of the timeout following the restart is set to an unspecified value that does not exceed the original timeout value. If the flag is not set, interruptible functions interrupted by this signal shall fail with errno set to [EINTR].

That is, the list of functions which are not restarted is Linux-specific (and probably counts as a bug).