I am trying to use Mockito in my Android project. I have found very nice tutorial that deals with it: http://www.paulbutcher.com/2012/05/mockito-on-android-step-by-step/
I had this issue for an Android Library project but NOT for the application project! Setting the System property "dexmaker.dexcache" as mentioned above worked around the issue. I'm running Android 4.3 Nexus 4 device, building with 19.0.3 tools, target api 19, my dependencies:
androidTestCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5"
androidTestCompile "com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.0"
androidTestCompile "com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.0"