I know how to use tee
to write the output (STDOUT
) of aaa.sh
to bbb.out
, while still displaying it in the terminal:
In other words, you want to pipe stdout into one filter (tee bbb.out
) and stderr into another filter (tee ccc.out
). There is no standard way to pipe anything other than stdout into another command, but you can work around that by juggling file descriptors.
{ { ./aaa.sh | tee bbb.out; } 2>&1 1>&3 | tee ccc.out; } 3>&1 1>&2
See also How to grep standard error stream (stderr)? and When would you use an additional file descriptor?
In bash (and ksh and zsh), but not in other POSIX shells such as dash, you can use process substitution:
./aaa.sh > >(tee bbb.out) 2> >(tee ccc.out)
Beware that in bash, this command returns as soon as ./aaa.sh
finishes, even if the tee
commands are still executed (ksh and zsh do wait for the subprocesses). This may be a problem if you do something like ./aaa.sh > >(tee bbb.out) 2> >(tee ccc.out); process_logs bbb.out ccc.out
. In that case, use file descriptor juggling or ksh/zsh instead.
why not simply:
./aaa.sh 2>&1 | tee -a log
This simply redirects stderr
to stdout
, so tee echoes both to log and to screen. Maybe I'm missing something, because some of the other solutions seem really complicated.
Note: Since bash version 4 you may use |&
as an abbreviation for 2>&1 |
:
./aaa.sh |& tee -a log
Like the accepted answer well explained by lhunath, you can use
command > >(tee -a stdout.log) 2> >(tee -a stderr.log >&2)
Beware than if you use bash you could have some issue.
Let me take the matthew-wilcoxson exemple.
And for those who "seeing is believing", a quick test:
(echo "Test Out";>&2 echo "Test Err") > >(tee stdout.log) 2> >(tee stderr.log >&2)
Personally, when I try, I have this result :
user@computer:~$ (echo "Test Out";>&2 echo "Test Err") > >(tee stdout.log) 2> >(tee stderr.log >&2)
user@computer:~$ Test Out
Test Err
Both message does not appear at the same level. Why Test Out
seem to be put like if it is my previous command ?
Prompt is on a blank line, let me think the process is not finished, and when I press Enter
this fix it.
When I check the content of the files, it is ok, redirection works.
Let take another test.
function outerr() {
echo "out" # stdout
echo >&2 "err" # stderr
}
user@computer:~$ outerr
out
err
user@computer:~$ outerr >/dev/null
err
user@computer:~$ outerr 2>/dev/null
out
Trying again the redirection, but with this function.
function test_redirect() {
fout="stdout.log"
ferr="stderr.log"
echo "$ outerr"
(outerr) > >(tee "$fout") 2> >(tee "$ferr" >&2)
echo "# $fout content :"
cat "$fout"
echo "# $ferr content :"
cat "$ferr"
}
Personally, I have this result :
user@computer:~$ test_redirect
$ outerr
# stdout.log content :
out
out
err
# stderr.log content :
err
user@computer:~$
No prompt on a blank line, but I don't see normal output, stdout.log content seem to be wrong, only stderr.log seem to be ok. If I relaunch it, output can be different...
So, why ?
Because, like explained here :
Beware that in bash, this command returns as soon as [first command] finishes, even if the tee commands are still executed (ksh and zsh do wait for the subprocesses)
So, if you use bash, prefer use the better exemple given in this other answer :
{ { outerr | tee "$fout"; } 2>&1 1>&3 | tee "$ferr"; } 3>&1 1>&2
It will fix the previous issues.
Now, the question is, how to retrieve exit status code ?
$?
does not works.
I have no found better solution than switch on pipefail with set -o pipefail
(set +o pipefail
to switch off) and use ${PIPESTATUS[0]}
like this
function outerr() {
echo "out"
echo >&2 "err"
return 11
}
function test_outerr() {
local - # To preserve set option
! [[ -o pipefail ]] && set -o pipefail; # Or use second part directly
local fout="stdout.log"
local ferr="stderr.log"
echo "$ outerr"
{ { outerr | tee "$fout"; } 2>&1 1>&3 | tee "$ferr"; } 3>&1 1>&2
# First save the status or it will be lost
local status="${PIPESTATUS[0]}" # Save first, the second is 0, perhaps tee status code.
echo "==="
echo "# $fout content :"
echo "<==="
cat "$fout"
echo "===>"
echo "# $ferr content :"
echo "<==="
cat "$ferr"
echo "===>"
if (( status > 0 )); then
echo "Fail $status > 0"
return "$status" # or whatever
fi
}
user@computer:~$ test_outerr
$ outerr
err
out
===
# stdout.log content :
<===
out
===>
# stderr.log content :
<===
err
===>
Fail 11 > 0
If using bash:
# Redirect standard out and standard error separately
% cmd >stdout-redirect 2>stderr-redirect
# Redirect standard error and out together
% cmd >stdout-redirect 2>&1
# Merge standard error with standard out and pipe
% cmd 2>&1 |cmd2
Credit (not answering from the top of my head) goes here: http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2003-06/msg00772.html
This may be useful for people finding this via google. Simply uncomment the example you want to try out. Of course, feel free to rename the output files.
#!/bin/bash
STATUSFILE=x.out
LOGFILE=x.log
### All output to screen
### Do nothing, this is the default
### All Output to one file, nothing to the screen
#exec > ${LOGFILE} 2>&1
### All output to one file and all output to the screen
#exec > >(tee ${LOGFILE}) 2>&1
### All output to one file, STDOUT to the screen
#exec > >(tee -a ${LOGFILE}) 2> >(tee -a ${LOGFILE} >/dev/null)
### All output to one file, STDERR to the screen
### Note you need both of these lines for this to work
#exec 3>&1
#exec > >(tee -a ${LOGFILE} >/dev/null) 2> >(tee -a ${LOGFILE} >&3)
### STDOUT to STATUSFILE, stderr to LOGFILE, nothing to the screen
#exec > ${STATUSFILE} 2>${LOGFILE}
### STDOUT to STATUSFILE, stderr to LOGFILE and all output to the screen
#exec > >(tee ${STATUSFILE}) 2> >(tee ${LOGFILE} >&2)
### STDOUT to STATUSFILE and screen, STDERR to LOGFILE
#exec > >(tee ${STATUSFILE}) 2>${LOGFILE}
### STDOUT to STATUSFILE, STDERR to LOGFILE and screen
#exec > ${STATUSFILE} 2> >(tee ${LOGFILE} >&2)
echo "This is a test"
ls -l sdgshgswogswghthb_this_file_will_not_exist_so_we_get_output_to_stderr_aronkjegralhfaff
ls -l ${0}
The following will work for KornShell(ksh) where the process substitution is not available,
# create a combined(stdin and stdout) collector
exec 3 <> combined.log
# stream stderr instead of stdout to tee, while draining all stdout to the collector
./aaa.sh 2>&1 1>&3 | tee -a stderr.log 1>&3
# cleanup collector
exec 3>&-
The real trick here, is the sequence of the 2>&1 1>&3
which in our case redirects the stderr
to stdout
and redirects the stdout
to descriptor 3
. At this point the stderr
and stdout
are not combined yet.
In effect, the stderr
(as stdin
) is passed to tee
where it logs to stderr.log
and also redirects to descriptor 3.
And descriptor 3
is logging it to combined.log
all the time. So the combined.log
contains both stdout
and stderr
.