How to inject variable into scope with a decorator?

Question

[Disclaimer: there may be more pythonic ways of doing what I want to do, but I want to know how python\'s scoping works here]

I\'m trying to find a way to make a dec

Answer 1

Here is a simple demonstration of using a decorator to add a variable into the scope of a function.

>>> def add_name(name):
...     def inner(func):
...         # Same as defining name within wrapped
...         # function.
...         func.func_globals['name'] = name
...
...         # Simply returns wrapped function reference.
...         return func
... 
...     return inner
...
>>> @add_name("Bobby")
... def say_hello():
...     print "Hello %s!" % name
...
>>> print say_hello()
Hello Bobby!
>>>

Answer 2

Assuming that in python functions are objects, you can do...

#!/usr/bin/python3


class DecorClass(object):
    def __init__(self, arg1, arg2):
        self.a1 = arg1
        self.a2 = arg2

    def __call__(self, function):
        def wrapped(*args):
            print('inside class decorator >>')
            print('class members: {0}, {1}'.format(self.a1, self.a2))
            print('wrapped function: {}'.format(args))
            function(*args, self.a1, self.a2)
        return wrapped


    @DecorClass(1, 2)
    def my_function(f1, f2, *args):
        print('inside decorated function >>')
        print('decorated function arguments: {0}, {1}'.format(f1, f2))
        print('decorator class args: {}'.format(args))


    if __name__ == '__main__':
        my_function(3, 4)

and the result is:

inside class decorator >>
class members: 1, 2
wrapped function: (3, 4)
inside decorated function >>
decorated function arguments: 3, 4
decorator class args: (1, 2)

more explanation here http://python-3-patterns-idioms-test.readthedocs.io/en/latest/PythonDecorators.html

Answer 3

Python is lexically scoped, so I'm afraid there is no clean way to do what you want without some potentially nasty side effects. I recommend just passing var into the function via the decorator.

c = 'Message'

def decorator_factory(value):
    def msg_decorator(f):
        def inner_dec(*args, **kwargs):
            res = f(value, *args, **kwargs)
            return res
        inner_dec.__name__ = f.__name__
        inner_dec.__doc__ = f.__doc__
        return inner_dec
    return msg_decorator

@decorator_factory(c)
def msg_printer(var):
    print var

msg_printer()  # prints 'Message'

Answer 4

def merge(d1, d2):
    d = d1.copy()
    d.update(d2)
    return d

# A decorator to inject variables
def valueDecorator(*_args, **_kargs):
    def wrapper(f):
        def wrapper2(*args, **kargs):
            return f(*args, **kargs)
        wrapper2.__name__ = f.__name__
        wrapper2.__doc__ = f.__doc__
        oldVars = getattr(f, 'Vars', [])
        oldNamedVars = getattr(f, 'NamedVars', {})
        wrapper2.Vars = oldVars + list(_args)
        wrapper2.NamedVars = merge(oldNamedVars, _kargs)
        return wrapper2
    return wrapper

@valueDecorator(12, 13, a=2)
@valueDecorator(10, 11, a=1)
def func():
    print(func.Vars)
    print(func.NamedVars)

Instead of revising the global scope, changing the annotated function itself is more reasonable.

Answer 5

There is a clean way to do what you want without using global variable. If you want to be stateless and threads safe, you don't really have the choice.

Use the "kwargs" variable:

c = 'Message'

def decorator_factory(value):
    def msg_decorator(f):
    def inner_dec(*args, **kwargs):
        kwargs["var"] = value
        res = f(*args, **kwargs)
        return res
    return inner_dec
return msg_decorator

@decorator_factory(c)
def msg_printer(*args, **kwargs):
    print kwargs["var"]

msg_printer()

Answer 6

You can't. Python has lexical scoping. That means the meaning of an identifier is determined solely based on the scopes that physically surround it when you look at the source code.