HTTPS from a console application?

Question

I am not using IIS, and it isn\'t even installed on this computer. I also don\'t any app.config files or web.config files in my console hosted WCF

Answer 1

Create a new console app project in VS.NET 2010. Now add reference to the dll's

 a.  System.ServiceModel
 b.  System.ServiceModel.Web
 c.  System.Runtime.Serialization

The Program.cs Main method has the following code

public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Uri baseAddress = new Uri("https://"+Environment.MachineName+":54321/hello");
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HelloWorldService), baseAddress))
            {                
                WebHttpBinding web = new WebHttpBinding();
                web.Security.Mode = WebHttpSecurityMode.Transport;                
                host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IHelloWorldService), web, "").Behaviors.Add(new WebHttpBehavior());                                
                host.Credentials.ServiceCertificate.Certificate = (X509Certificate2)GetX509Certificate();                               
                host.Open();
                Console.WriteLine("The service is ready at {0}", baseAddress);
                Console.WriteLine("Press <Enter> to stop the service.");
                Console.ReadLine();                
                host.Close();
            }
        }

        private static X509Certificate GetX509Certificate()
        {
            X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
            store.Open(OpenFlags.OpenExistingOnly);
            X509Certificate certificate = null;
            X509Certificate2Collection cers = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "localhost", false);            
            if (cers.Count > 0)
            {
                certificate = cers[0];
            }
            store.Close();
            return certificate;
        }
    }

[ServiceContract]
    public interface IHelloWorldService
    {
        [WebGet(UriTemplate="SayHello/{name}")]
        string SayHello(string name);
    }

    public class HelloWorldService : IHelloWorldService
    {
        public string SayHello(string name)
        {
            return string.Format("Hello, {0}", name);
        }
    }

Now we create certificate by creating a batch file of the below commands (taken from MSDN) and executing it from VS.NET command prompt:

echo off
setlocal

call :setscriptvariables %1
IF NOT DEFINED SUPPORTED_MODE call :displayusage
IF DEFINED SUPPORTED_MODE call :cleancerts
IF DEFINED SETUP_SERVICE call :setupservice
IF DEFINED SETUP_CLIENT call :setupclient
GOTO end

:cleancerts
REM cleans up certs from previous runs.    
certmgr.exe -del -r CurrentUser -s My -c -n %CLIENT_NAME%
certmgr.exe -del -r CurrentUser -s TrustedPeople -c -n localhost
certmgr.exe -del -r LocalMachine -s My -c -n localhost
certmgr.exe -del -r LocalMachine -s TrustedPeople -c -n %CLIENT_NAME%
certmgr.exe -put -r LocalMachine -s My -c -n %COMPUTER_NAME% computer.cer
IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
   DEL computer.cer       
   pause
   certmgr.exe -del -r LocalMachine -s My -c -n %COMPUTER_NAME%
)

:cleanupcompleted   

GOTO :EOF

:setupclient
makecert.exe -sr CurrentUser -ss MY -a sha1 -n CN=%CLIENT_NAME% -sky exchange -pe

IF DEFINED EXPORT_CLIENT (        
    certmgr.exe -put -r CurrentUser -s My -c -n %CLIENT_NAME% client.cer
) ELSE (        
    certmgr.exe -add -r CurrentUser -s My -c -n %CLIENT_NAME% -r LocalMachine -s TrustedPeople
)
GOTO :EOF

:setupservice
makecert.exe -sr LocalMachine -ss MY -a sha1 -n CN=%SERVER_NAME% -sky exchange -pe

IF DEFINED EXPORT_SERVICE (       
    certmgr.exe -put -r LocalMachine -s My -c -n %SERVER_NAME% service.cer
) ELSE (        
    certmgr.exe -add -r LocalMachine -s My -c -n %SERVER_NAME% -r CurrentUser -s TrustedPeople
)
GOTO :EOF

:setscriptvariables
REM Parses the input to determine if we are setting this up for a single machine, client, or server
REM sets the appropriate name variables
call :setcomputername
IF [%1]==[] CALL :singlemachine
IF [%1]==[service] CALL :service
IF [%1]==[client] CALL :client

set CLIENT_NAME=client.com

GOTO :EOF

:singlemachine    
SET SUPPORTED_MODE=1
SET SETUP_CLIENT=1
SET SETUP_SERVICE=1
SET SERVER_NAME=localhost
GOTO :EOF

:service    
SET SUPPORTED_MODE=1
SET SETUP_SERVICE=1
SET EXPORT_SERVICE=1
SET SERVER_NAME=%COMPUTER_NAME%
GOTO :EOF

:client   
SET SUPPORTED_MODE=1
SET SETUP_CLIENT=1
SET EXPORT_CLIENT=1
GOTO :EOF

:setcomputername
REM Puts the Fully Qualified Name of the Computer into a variable named COMPUTER_NAME
for /F "delims=" %%i in ('cscript /nologo GetComputerName.vbs') do set COMPUTER_NAME=%%i
GOTO :EOF

:displayusage
ECHO Correct usage:
ECHO     Single Machine - Setup.bat
ECHO     Client Machine - Setup.bat client
ECHO     Service Machine - Setup.bat service
:end

Now open Microsoft Management Console and Select File --> Add/Remove Snap-in to add the Certificates - Current User and Certificate - Local Machine stores

Navigate to Certificate - Local Machine Personal Store to find a server certificate called localhost (self signed) created and installed.

Now Open your IIS and right click on the default website to add HTTPS binding to it with your port number matching that you have defined in your console app (for my its 54321) and select the certificate to be "localhost" ( the certificate that was created in the above steps) and click "OK" and "Close"

Now start your Console app to have your service running and now open fiddler and perform a GET request as shown:

GET https://rajeshwin7:54321/hello/sayhello/rajesh HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Fiddler
Host: rajeshwin7:54321

Now you get back a response as below:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 90
Content-Type: application/xml; charset=utf-8
Server: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0
Date: Fri, 04 May 2012 14:51:25 GMT

<string xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">Hello, rajesh</string>

When no IIS is present open up command prompt and enter the following at the command prompt to do a http port mapping for ssl certificate using the netsh tool in winvista and above OS and httpcfg for winxp.

C:\> netsh http add sslcert ipport=0.0.0.0:54321 certhash=6797aea29440de9389bc636e15a35b741d8c22a3 appid={2e80948d-9ae6-42c9-ad33-294929333965}

certhash -- Thumbprint id of the certificate created above. The thumbprint id can be obtained by opening up the Microsoft Management Console - Add/remove snap in for certificate store of computer account on local machine and then navigate to personal store to find the certificate (assuming it has been installed as given above) and then double click on the certificate and navigate to the details tab to find the thumbprint id as one of the properties(just copy it to use in the above netsh command by removing the spaces)

appid -- is the guid associated with your application that can be found in your assembly.cs file in your project properties folder as shown below:

Now to clean up the certificate create a bathc file with the below commands and execute it using Vs.NET command prompt:

echo off
setlocal
set CLIENT_NAME=client.com
call :setcomputername
call :cleancerts
DEL client.cer > NUL 2>&1
DEL service.cer > NUL 2>&1
GOTO end

:cleancerts
REM cleans up certs from previous runs.
certmgr.exe -del -r CurrentUser -s My -c -n %CLIENT_NAME%
certmgr.exe -del -r CurrentUser -s TrustedPeople -c -n localhost

certmgr.exe -del -r LocalMachine -s My -c -n localhost
certmgr.exe -del -r LocalMachine -s TrustedPeople -c -n %CLIENT_NAME%
certmgr.exe -put -r LocalMachine -s My -c -n %COMPUTER_NAME% computer.cer
IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
   DEL computer.cer
   pause
   certmgr.exe -del -r LocalMachine -s My -c -n %COMPUTER_NAME%
)

:cleanupcompleted
GOTO :EOF

:setcomputername
REM Puts the Fully Qualified Name of the Computer into a variable named COMPUTER_NAME
for /F "delims=" %%i in ('cscript /nologo GetComputerName.vbs') do set COMPUTER_NAME=%%i
GOTO :EOF

:end

You can remove the ssl certificate mapping to a port using netsh command as below:

c:\> netsh http delete sslcert ipport:0.0.0.0:54321

Answer 2

1. Create and install a root authority and HTTPS certificate

   Open command prompt as Administrator:

   Create folder C:\Certs and navigate to it.

   #Root Authority
   makecert.exe -r -pe -n "CN=My Root Authority" -ss CA -sr LocalMachine -a sha1 -sky signature -cy authority -sv CA.pvk CA.cer
   
   #Certificate
   makecert.exe -pe -n "CN=localhost" -a sha1 -sky exchange -eku 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1 -ic CA.cer -iv CA.pvk -sp "Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider" -sy 12 -sv server.pvk server.cer
   
   #key
   pvk2pfx.exe -pvk server.pvk -spc server.cer -pfx server.pfx
   

   **Default location for makecert and pvk2pfx is C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin

2. Install certificates

   From the command line:

   certmgr.exe -add CA.cer -r LocalMachine -s CertificateAuthority

   certmgr.exe -add server.pfx -r LocalMachine -s My -all

   From MMC:

   Open up MMC by going to command prompt and type MMC. This will open blank MMC console. Click add/remove snap in. Add Certificates and choose Computer Account / Local computer.

   Navigate to Intermediate Certification Authorities / Certificates. Right Click and choose import. Navigate to the folder where you have creatd CA.cer file and click to import.

   Navigate to Personal / Certificates and right click Import. Locate your server.pfx file (you will need to select PFX from list of available extensions) and import this file. When done open the certificate by double clicking and note its thumbprint under Details. Paste this into Notepad and remove extra ? at the beginning and remove spaces.

   To get the certificate of server thumbprint you can run this in PowerShell:

   $getThumb = Get-ChildItem -path cert:\LocalMachine\TrustedPeople | where { $_.Subject -match "CN=localhost" }
   $getThumb.thumbprint
   

3. Register and map WCF port with netsh

   Map to WCF port

   netsh http add sslcert ipport=0.0.0.0:8000 certhash=73269e9b554f58d75e77880f5ff72b50c8d724ee appid={e2eaacd9-92e6-43cc-b51c-7a7887149607}
   
   appid - any GUID
   certhas - this is the thumb print from the step 2
   

4. Setup your host

   Set to HTTPS and enable transport security:

   string baseAddress = "https://" + Environment.MachineName + ":8000/Service";
   var binding = new WebHttpBinding();
   binding.Security.Mode = WebHttpSecurityMode.Transport;
   

Detailed references

• How to: Create and Install Temporary Certificates in WCF for Transport Security During Development (MSDN)

• Configuring HTTP and HTTPS (MSDN)

• How to: Configure a Port with an SSL Certificate (MSDN)

And if you run into problems with add sslcert:

• Stack Overflow question Self-hosting using SSL and WCF - can't bind certificate to port

• Stack Overflow question Using netsh, bind an SSL certificate to a port number is failing

• Stack Overflow question Certificate on WCF service that does not use IIS