If you already learnt the basics of DSP, I would recommend Analog Devices Blackfin Processors. You can use both C and C++, and they provide a number of Audio examples to get you started. They supply enough code to read audio into the board, process it, and play it back out.
From this you can apply any types of filters or other processing you wish. I used the BF533 Ez-Kit Lite in combination with a serial LCD Panel to make an Audio Equalizer for a project once. Was a great learning experience and a lot of fun!