Anyone recommend how a person could get started with autotools in building a C project?
I found this tutorial given by Thomas Petazzoni at the Embedded Linux Conference 2016 very helpful to start learning autotools: Autotools: A Demystification Tutorial
Here are the associated slides: GNU Autotools Tutorial Slides
He gives demonstrations and good examples that are in my opinion a good start before going further with the already mentioned A. Duret-Lutz tutorial.
Alexandre Duret-Lutz's tutorial is my resource of choice.
There are also:
To me, the autobook is not up to date anymore and more difficult to read. However it still contains interesting chapters like Writing Portable Bourne Shell.
Also, consider learning about non-recursive automake which addresses the concerns raised by Peter Miller in his Recursive Make Considered Harmful article.
EDIT: for reference, there is also Autotools Tutorial for Beginners.
This is a good place to start:
http://www.dwheeler.com/autotools/ - video tutorial: Introduction to the Autotools (2012-03-05)
He makes a very good point "Beware any documentation written before 2006 is probably out of date."
After that:
http://www.lrde.epita.fr/~adl/autotools.html - autotools tutorial (556 slides) http://www.openismus.com/documents/linux/automake/automake - Using Automake and Autoconf with C++
I would recommend this tutorial and get the book when it's released. The tutorial really helped me a lot, it even contains a step by step conversion of an existing (non trivial) project to autotools.
Follow the autotools tutorial.
You can also get the autobook. Chapter 4 covers a minimal GNU autotools project.