xkcd style graphs in MATLAB
![\"xkcd-style](\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/FPz54.png\")
So talented people have figured out how to make xkcd style graphs in Mathematica, in LaTe
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The first step... find a system font you like (use the function listfonts to see what's available) or install one that matches the handwriting style from xkcd. I found a "Humor Sans" TrueType font from user ch00f mentioned in this blog post, and will use it for my subsequent examples.
As I see it, you'll generally need three different modified graphics objects to make these sorts of graphs: an axes object, a line object, and a text object. You might also want an annotation object to make things easier, but I forewent that for now as it could be more difficult to implement than the above three objects.
I created wrapper functions that created the three objects, overriding certain property settings to make them more xkcd-like. One limitation is that the new graphics they produce won't be updated in certain cases (like bounding boxes on text objects when resizing the axes), but that could be accounted for with a more complete object-oriented implementation that involves inheriting from the handle class, using events and listeners, etc. For now, here are my simpler implementations:
xkcd_axes.m:
function hAxes = xkcd_axes(xkcdOptions, varargin) hAxes = axes(varargin{:}, 'NextPlot', 'add', 'Visible', 'off', ... 'XLimMode', 'manual', 'YLimMode', 'manual'); axesUnits = get(hAxes, 'Units'); set(hAxes, 'Units', 'pixels'); axesPos = get(hAxes, 'Position'); set(hAxes, 'Units', axesUnits); xPoints = round(axesPos(3)/10); yPoints = round(axesPos(4)/10); limits = [xlim(hAxes) ylim(hAxes)]; ranges = [abs(limits(2) - limits(1)) abs(limits(4) - limits(3))]; backColor = get(get(hAxes, 'Parent'), 'Color'); xColor = get(hAxes, 'XColor'); yColor = get(hAxes, 'YColor'); line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', xColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ... 'Clipping', 'off', ... 'XData', linspace(limits(1), limits(2), xPoints), ... 'YData', limits(3) + rand(1, xPoints).*0.005.*ranges(2)); line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', yColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ... 'Clipping', 'off', ... 'YData', linspace(limits(3), limits(4), yPoints), ... 'XData', limits(1) + rand(1, yPoints).*0.005.*ranges(1)); xTicks = get(hAxes, 'XTick'); if ~isempty(xTicks) yOffset = limits(3) - 0.05.*ranges(2); tickIndex = true(size(xTicks)); if ismember('left', xkcdOptions) tickIndex(1) = false; xkcd_arrow('left', [limits(1) + 0.02.*ranges(1) xTicks(1)], ... yOffset, xColor); end if ismember('right', xkcdOptions) tickIndex(end) = false; xkcd_arrow('right', [xTicks(end) limits(2) - 0.02.*ranges(1)], ... yOffset, xColor); end plot([1; 1]*xTicks(tickIndex), ... 0.5.*[-yOffset; yOffset]*ones(1, sum(tickIndex)), ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', xColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ... 'Clipping', 'off'); xLabels = cellstr(get(hAxes, 'XTickLabel')); for iLabel = 1:numel(xLabels) xkcd_text(xTicks(iLabel), yOffset, xLabels{iLabel}, ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center', ... 'VerticalAlignment', 'middle', ... 'BackgroundColor', backColor); end end yTicks = get(hAxes, 'YTick'); if ~isempty(yTicks) xOffset = limits(1) - 0.05.*ranges(1); tickIndex = true(size(yTicks)); if ismember('down', xkcdOptions) tickIndex(1) = false; xkcd_arrow('down', xOffset, ... [limits(3) + 0.02.*ranges(2) yTicks(1)], yColor); end if ismember('up', xkcdOptions) tickIndex(end) = false; xkcd_arrow('up', xOffset, ... [yTicks(end) limits(4) - 0.02.*ranges(2)], yColor); end plot(0.5.*[-xOffset; xOffset]*ones(1, sum(tickIndex)), ... [1; 1]*yTicks(tickIndex), ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', yColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ... 'Clipping', 'off'); yLabels = cellstr(get(hAxes, 'YTickLabel')); for iLabel = 1:numel(yLabels) xkcd_text(xOffset, yTicks(iLabel), yLabels{iLabel}, ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'right', ... 'VerticalAlignment', 'middle', ... 'BackgroundColor', backColor); end end function xkcd_arrow(arrowType, xArrow, yArrow, arrowColor) if ismember(arrowType, {'left', 'right'}) xLine = linspace(xArrow(1), xArrow(2), 10); yLine = yArrow + rand(1, 10).*0.003.*ranges(2); arrowScale = 0.05.*ranges(1); if strcmp(arrowType, 'left') xArrow = xLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5]; yArrow = yLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.125 0.25 0 -0.25 -0.125]; else xArrow = xLine(end) - arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5]; yArrow = yLine(end) + arrowScale.*[0 -0.125 -0.25 0 0.25 0.125]; end else xLine = xArrow + rand(1, 10).*0.003.*ranges(1); yLine = linspace(yArrow(1), yArrow(2), 10); arrowScale = 0.05.*ranges(2); if strcmp(arrowType, 'down') xArrow = xLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.125 0.25 0 -0.25 -0.125]; yArrow = yLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5]; else xArrow = xLine(end) + arrowScale.*[0 -0.125 -0.25 0 0.25 0.125]; yArrow = yLine(end) - arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5]; end end line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', arrowColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ... 'Clipping', 'off', 'XData', xLine, 'YData', yLine); patch('Parent', hAxes, 'FaceColor', arrowColor, ... 'EdgeColor', arrowColor, 'LineWidth', 2, 'Clipping', 'off', ... 'XData', xArrow + [0 rand(1, 5).*0.002.*ranges(1)], ... 'YData', yArrow + [0 rand(1, 5).*0.002.*ranges(2)]); end endxkcd_text.m:
function hText = xkcd_text(varargin) hText = text(varargin{:}); set(hText, 'FontName', 'Humor Sans', 'FontSize', 13, ... 'FontWeight', 'normal'); backColor = get(hText, 'BackgroundColor'); edgeColor = get(hText, 'EdgeColor'); if ~strcmp(backColor, 'none') || ~strcmp(edgeColor, 'none') hParent = get(hText, 'Parent'); extent = get(hText, 'Extent'); nLines = size(get(hText, 'String'), 1); extent = extent + [-0.5 -0.5 1 1].*0.25.*extent(4)./nLines; yPoints = 5*nLines; xPoints = round(yPoints*extent(3)/extent(4)); noiseScale = 0.05*extent(4)/nLines; set(hText, 'BackgroundColor', 'none', 'EdgeColor', 'none'); xBox = [linspace(extent(1), extent(1) + extent(3), xPoints) ... extent(1) + extent(3) + noiseScale.*rand(1, yPoints) ... linspace(extent(1) + extent(3), extent(1), xPoints) ... extent(1) + noiseScale.*rand(1, yPoints)]; yBox = [extent(2) + noiseScale.*rand(1, xPoints) ... linspace(extent(2), extent(2) + extent(4), yPoints) ... extent(2) + extent(4) + noiseScale.*rand(1, xPoints) ... linspace(extent(2) + extent(4), extent(2), yPoints)]; patch('Parent', hParent, 'FaceColor', backColor, ... 'EdgeColor', edgeColor, 'LineWidth', 2, 'Clipping', 'off', ... 'XData', xBox, 'YData', yBox); hKids = get(hParent, 'Children'); set(hParent, 'Children', [hText; hKids(hKids ~= hText)]); end endxkcd_line.m:
function hLine = xkcd_line(xData, yData, varargin) yData = yData + 0.01.*max(range(xData), range(yData)).*rand(size(yData)); line(xData, yData, varargin{:}, 'Color', 'w', 'LineWidth', 8); hLine = line(xData, yData, varargin{:}, 'LineWidth', 3); endAnd here's a sample script that uses these to recreate the above comic. I recreated the lines by using ginput to mark points in the plot with the mouse, capturing them, then plotting them how I wanted:
xS = [0.0359 0.0709 0.1004 0.1225 0.1501 0.1759 0.2219 0.2477 0.2974 0.3269 0.3582 0.3895 0.4061 0.4337 0.4558 0.4797 0.5074 0.5276 0.5589 0.5810 0.6013 0.6179 0.6271 0.6344 0.6381 0.6418 0.6529 0.6713 0.6842 0.6934 0.7026 0.7118 0.7265 0.7376 0.7560 0.7726 0.7836 0.7965 0.8149 0.8370 0.8573 0.8867 0.9033 0.9346 0.9659 0.9843 0.9936]; yS = [0.2493 0.2520 0.2548 0.2548 0.2602 0.2629 0.2629 0.2657 0.2793 0.2657 0.2575 0.2575 0.2602 0.2629 0.2657 0.2766 0.2793 0.2875 0.3202 0.3856 0.4619 0.5490 0.6771 0.7670 0.7970 0.8270 0.8433 0.8433 0.8243 0.7180 0.6199 0.5272 0.4510 0.4128 0.3392 0.2711 0.2275 0.1757 0.1485 0.1131 0.1022 0.0858 0.0858 0.1022 0.1267 0.1567 0.1594]; xF = [0.0304 0.0488 0.0727 0.0967 0.1335 0.1630 0.2090 0.2348 0.2698 0.3011 0.3269 0.3545 0.3803 0.4153 0.4466 0.4724 0.4945 0.5110 0.5350 0.5516 0.5608 0.5700 0.5755 0.5810 0.5884 0.6013 0.6179 0.6363 0.6492 0.6584 0.6676 0.6731 0.6842 0.6860 0.6934 0.7007 0.7136 0.7265 0.7394 0.7560 0.7726 0.7818 0.8057 0.8444 0.8794 0.9107 0.9475 0.9751 0.9917]; yF = [0.0804 0.0940 0.0967 0.1049 0.1185 0.1458 0.1512 0.1540 0.1649 0.1812 0.1812 0.1703 0.1621 0.1594 0.1703 0.1975 0.2411 0.3065 0.3801 0.4782 0.5708 0.6526 0.7452 0.8106 0.8324 0.8488 0.8433 0.8270 0.7888 0.7343 0.6826 0.5981 0.5300 0.4782 0.3910 0.3420 0.2847 0.2248 0.1621 0.0995 0.0668 0.0395 0.0232 0.0177 0.0204 0.0232 0.0259 0.0204 0.0232]; xE = [0.0267 0.0488 0.0856 0.1409 0.1759 0.2164 0.2514 0.3011 0.3269 0.3637 0.3969 0.4245 0.4503 0.4890 0.5313 0.5608 0.5939 0.6344 0.6694 0.6934 0.7192 0.7394 0.7523 0.7689 0.7891 0.8131 0.8481 0.8757 0.9070 0.9346 0.9604 0.9807 0.9936]; yE = [0.0232 0.0232 0.0232 0.0259 0.0259 0.0259 0.0313 0.0259 0.0259 0.0259 0.0368 0.0395 0.0477 0.0586 0.0777 0.0886 0.1213 0.1730 0.2466 0.2902 0.3638 0.5082 0.6499 0.7916 0.8924 0.9414 0.9550 0.9387 0.9060 0.8760 0.8542 0.8379 0.8188]; hFigure = figure('Position', [300 300 700 450], 'Color', 'w'); hAxes = xkcd_axes({'left', 'right'}, 'XTick', [0.45 0.60 0.7 0.8], ... 'XTickLabel', {'YARD', 'STEPS', 'DOOR', 'INSIDE'}, ... 'YTick', []); hSpeed = xkcd_line(xS, yS, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', [0.5 0.5 0.5]); hFear = xkcd_line(xF, yF, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', [0 0.5 1]); hEmb = xkcd_line(xE, yE, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'r'); hText = xkcd_text(0.27, 0.9, ... {'WALKING BACK TO MY'; 'FRONT DOOR AT NIGHT:'}, ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'EdgeColor', 'k', ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center'); hSpeedNote = xkcd_text(0.36, 0.35, {'FORWARD'; 'SPEED'}, ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center'); hSpeedLine = xkcd_line([0.4116 0.4282 0.4355 0.4411], ... [0.3392 0.3256 0.3038 0.2820], ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k'); hFearNote = xkcd_text(0.15, 0.45, {'FEAR'; 'THAT THERE''S'; ... 'SOMETHING'; 'BEIND ME'}, ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center'); hFearLine = xkcd_line([0.1906 0.1998 0.2127 0.2127 0.2201 0.2256], ... [0.3501 0.3093 0.2629 0.2221 0.1975 0.1676], ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k'); hEmbNote = xkcd_text(0.88, 0.45, {'EMBARRASSMENT'}, ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center'); hEmbLine = xkcd_line([0.8168 0.8094 0.7983 0.7781 0.7578], ... [0.4864 0.5436 0.5872 0.6063 0.6226], ... 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k');And (trumpets) here's the resulting plot!:
讨论(0) -
Rather than re-implementing all the various plotting functions I wanted to create a generic tool that could convert any existing plot to a xkcd style plot.
This approach means that you can create plots and style them using standard MATLAB functions and then when you're done you can then re-render the plot in an xkcd style while preserving the overall style of the plot.
Examples
Plot
Bar & Plot
Box & Plot
How it works
The function works by iterating over the children of an axes. If the children are of type
lineorpatchit distorts them slightly. If the child is of typehggroupit then iterates on the sub-children of thehggroup. I have plans to support other plot types, such asimage, but it's not clear what is the best way to distort image to have an xkcd style.Finally to ensure that the distortions look uniform (that is, short lines aren't distored more than long lines), I measure the line length in pixels and then up sample proportional to its length. I then add noise to every Nth sample which produces lines that have more or less the same amount of distortion.
The Code
Rather than pasting several hundred lines of code I'll just link to a gist of the source. Additionally the source code and the code to generate the above examples are freely available GitHub.
As you can see from the examples, it doesn't yet distort the axes themselves although I plan to implement as soon as I figure out the best way to do that.
讨论(0) -
I see two ways to solve this: The first way is to add some jitter to the x/y coordinates of the plot features. This has the advantage that you can easily modify a plot, but you have to draw the axes yourself if you want to have them xkcdyfied (see @Rody Oldenhuis' solution). The second way is to create a non-jittery plot, and use
imtransformto apply a random distortion to the image. This has the advantage that you can use it with any plot, but you will end up with an image, not an editable plot.I'll show #2 first, and my attempt at #1 below (if you like #1 better, look at Rody's solution!).
This solution relies on two key functions: EXPORT_FIG from the file exchange to get an anti-aliased screenshot, and IMTRANSFORM to get a transformation.
%# define plot data x = 1:0.1:10; y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3; y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^2/2) + 1; %# plot fh = figure('color','w'); hold on plot(x,y1,'b','lineWidth',3); plot(x,y2,'w','lineWidth',7); plot(x,y2,'r','lineWidth',3); xlim([0.95 10]) ylim([0 5]) set(gca,'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',18,'lineWidth',3,'box','off') %# add an annotation annotation(fh,'textarrow',[0.4 0.55],[0.8 0.65],... 'string',sprintf('text%shere',char(10)),'headStyle','none','lineWidth',1.5,... 'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',14,'verticalAlignment','middle','horizontalAlignment','left') %# capture with export_fig im = export_fig('-nocrop',fh); %# add a bit of border to avoid black edges im = padarray(im,[15 15 0],255); %# make distortion grid sfc = size(im); [yy,xx]=ndgrid(1:7:sfc(1),1:7:sfc(2)); pts = [xx(:),yy(:)]; tf = cp2tform(pts+randn(size(pts)),pts,'lwm',12); w = warning; warning off images:inv_lwm:cannotEvaluateTransfAtSomeOutputLocations imt = imtransform(im,tf); warning(w) %# remove padding imt = imt(16:end-15,16:end-15,:); figure('color','w') imshow(imt)
Here's my initial attempt at jittering
%# define plot data x = 1:0.1:10; y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3; y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^2/2) + 1; %# jitter x = x+randn(size(x))*0.01; y1 = y1+randn(size(x))*0.01; y2 = y2+randn(size(x))*0.01; %# plot figure('color','w') hold on plot(x,y1,'b','lineWidth',3); plot(x,y2,'w','lineWidth',7); plot(x,y2,'r','lineWidth',3); xlim([0.95 10]) ylim([0 5]) set(gca,'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',18,'lineWidth',3,'box','off')讨论(0) -
OK then, here's my less-crude-but-still-not-quite-there-yet attempt:
%# init %# ------------------------ noise = @(x,A) A*randn(size(x)); ns = @(x,A) A*ones(size(x)); h = figure(2); clf, hold on pos = get(h, 'position'); set(h, 'position', [pos(1:2) 800 450]); blackline = { 'k', ... 'linewidth', 2}; axisline = { 'k', ... 'linewidth', 3}; textprops = { 'fontName','Comic Sans MS',... 'fontSize', 14,... 'lineWidth',3}; %# Plot data %# ------------------------ x = 1:0.1:10; y0 = sin(x).*exp(-x/30) + 3; y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3; y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^6/.05) + 1; y0 = y0 + noise(x, 0.01); y1 = y1 + noise(x, 0.01); y2 = y2 + noise(x, 0.01); %# plot plot(x,y0, 'color', [0.7 0.7 0.7], 'lineWidth',3); plot(x,y1, 'w','lineWidth',7); plot(x,y1, 'b','lineWidth',3); plot(x,y2, 'w','lineWidth',7); plot(x,y2, 'r','lineWidth',3); %# text %# ------------------------ ll(1) = text(1.3, 4.2,... {'Walking back to my' 'front door at night:'}); ll(2) = text(5, 0.7, 'yard'); ll(3) = text(6.2, 0.7, 'steps'); ll(4) = text(7, 0.7, 'door'); ll(5) = text(8, 0.7, 'inside'); set(ll, textprops{:}); %# arrows & lines %# ------------------------ %# box around "walking back..." xx = 1.2:0.1:3.74; yy = ns(xx, 4.6) + noise(xx, 0.007); plot(xx, yy, blackline{:}) xx = 1.2:0.1:3.74; yy = ns(xx, 3.8) + noise(xx, 0.007); plot(xx, yy, blackline{:}) yy = 3.8:0.1:4.6; xx = ns(yy, 1.2) + noise(yy, 0.007); plot(xx, yy, blackline{:}) xx = ns(yy, 3.74) + noise(yy, 0.007); plot(xx, yy, blackline{:}) %# left arrow x_arr = 1.2:0.1:4.8; y_arr = 0.65 * ones(size(x_arr)) + noise(x_arr, 0.005); plot(x_arr, y_arr, blackline{:}) x_head = [1.1 1.6 1.62]; y_head = [0.65 0.72 0.57]; patch(x_head, y_head, 'k') %# right arrow x_arr = 8.7:0.1:9.8; y_arr = 0.65 * ones(size(x_arr)) + noise(x_arr, 0.005); plot(x_arr, y_arr, blackline{:}) x_head = [9.8 9.3 9.3]; y_head = [0.65 0.72 0.57]; patch(x_head, y_head, 'k') %# left line on axis y_line = 0.8:0.1:1.1; x_line = ns(y_line, 6.5) + noise(y_line, 0.005); plot(x_line, y_line, blackline{:}) %# right line on axis y_line = 0.8:0.1:1.1; x_line = ns(y_line, 7.2) + noise(y_line, 0.005); plot(x_line, y_line, blackline{:}) %# axes x_xax = x; y_xax = 0.95 + noise(x_xax, 0.01); y_yax = 0.95:0.1:5; x_yax = x(1) + noise(y_yax, 0.01); plot(x_xax, y_xax, axisline{:}) plot(x_yax, y_yax, axisline{:}) % finalize %# ------------------------ xlim([0.95 10]) ylim([0 5]) axis offResult:
Things to do:
- Find better functions (better define them piece-wise)
- Add "annotations" and wavy lines to the curves they describe
- Find a better font than Comic Sans!
- Generalize everything into a function
plot2xkcdso that we can convert any plot/figure to the xkcd style.
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