I am using a new feature of SpreadSheet in Google Sheets: \"Named and protected ranges\". In this range of protected cells, I use arithmetic built-in functions and my own w
Built-in functions (Google Spreadsheet functions) have nothing to do with your triggered functions (made by you). You're complicating the explanation with 2 things that have nothing in common. Of course Google functions will work!
Please explain better your functions, are they triggered by what? onEdit, onOpen, a menu? What protected ranges have to do with it? Does your functions work if you remove the protection of your ranges?
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Simple event handlers (like onEdit) have limited permissions by design, you probably need to set a installable on edit trigger. Please check out this other answer I gave.