I have to format std::string with sprintf and send it into file stream. How can I do this?
This is the code I use to do this in my program... It's nothing fancy, but it does the trick... Note, you will have to adjust your size as applicable. MAX_BUFFER for me is 1024.
std::string Format ( const char *fmt, ... )
{
char textString[MAX_BUFFER*5] = {'\0'};
// -- Empty the buffer properly to ensure no leaks.
memset(textString, '\0', sizeof(textString));
va_list args;
va_start ( args, fmt );
vsnprintf ( textString, MAX_BUFFER*5, fmt, args );
va_end ( args );
std::string retStr = textString;
return retStr;
}
I usually use this:
std::string myformat(const char *const fmt, ...)
{
char *buffer = NULL;
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
(void)vasprintf(&buffer, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
std::string result = buffer;
free(buffer);
return result;
}
Disadvantage: not all systems support vasprint
In order to format std::string
in a 'sprintf' manner, call snprintf
(arguments nullptr
and 0
) to get length of buffer needed. Write your function using C++11 variadic template like this:
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
template< typename... Args >
std::string string_sprintf( const char* format, Args... args ) {
int length = std::snprintf( nullptr, 0, format, args... );
assert( length >= 0 );
char* buf = new char[length + 1];
std::snprintf( buf, length + 1, format, args... );
std::string str( buf );
delete[] buf;
return str;
}
Compile with C++11 support, for example in GCC: g++ -std=c++11
Usage:
std::cout << string_sprintf("%g, %g\n", 1.23, 0.001);
If you are on a system that has asprintf(3), you can easily wrap it:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
std::string format(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2)));
std::string format(const char *fmt, ...)
{
std::string result;
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
char *tmp = 0;
int res = vasprintf(&tmp, fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
if (res != -1) {
result = tmp;
free(tmp);
} else {
// The vasprintf call failed, either do nothing and
// fall through (will return empty string) or
// throw an exception, if your code uses those
}
return result;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
std::string username = "you";
std::cout << format("Hello %s! %d", username.c_str(), 123) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Below slightly modified version of @iFreilicht answer, updated to C++14 (usage of make_unique
function instead of raw declaration) and added support for std::string
arguments (based on Kenny Kerr article)
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <cstdio>
template <typename T>
T process_arg(T value) noexcept
{
return value;
}
template <typename T>
T const * process_arg(std::basic_string<T> const & value) noexcept
{
return value.c_str();
}
template<typename ... Args>
std::string string_format(const std::string& format, Args const & ... args)
{
const auto fmt = format.c_str();
const size_t size = std::snprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, process_arg(args) ...) + 1;
auto buf = std::make_unique<char[]>(size);
std::snprintf(buf.get(), size, fmt, process_arg(args) ...);
auto res = std::string(buf.get(), buf.get() + size - 1);
return res;
}
int main()
{
int i = 3;
float f = 5.f;
char* s0 = "hello";
std::string s1 = "world";
std::cout << string_format("i=%d, f=%f, s=%s %s", i, f, s0, s1) << "\n";
}
Output:
i = 3, f = 5.000000, s = hello world
Feel free to merge this answer with the original one if desired.
You can format C++ output in cout using iomanip header file. Make sure that you include iomanip header file before you use any of the helper functions like setprecision, setfill etc.
Here is a code snippet I have used in the past to print the average waiting time in the vector, which I have "accumulated".
#include<iomanip>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<numeric>
...
cout<< "Average waiting times for tasks is " << setprecision(4) << accumulate(all(waitingTimes), 0)/double(waitingTimes.size()) ;
cout << " and " << Q.size() << " tasks remaining" << endl;
Here is a brief description of how we can format C++ streams. http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/iomanip.html