How to write JUnit test with Spring Autowire?

Question

Here are the files that I use:

component.xml

Answer 1

Make sure you have imported the correct package. If I remeber correctly there are two different packages for Autowiring. Should be :org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

Also this looks wierd to me :

@ContextConfiguration("classpath*:conf/components.xml")

Here is an example that works fine for me :

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/applicationContext_mock.xml" })
public class OwnerIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    OwnerService ownerService;

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        ownerService.cleanList();

    }

    @Test
    public void testOwners() {

        Owner owner = new Owner("Bengt", "Karlsson", "Ankavägen 3");
        owner = ownerService.createOwner(owner);
        assertEquals("Check firstName : ", "Bengt", owner.getFirstName());
        assertTrue("Check that Id exist: ", owner.getId() > 0);

        owner.setLastName("Larsson");
        ownerService.updateOwner(owner);
        owner = ownerService.getOwner(owner.getId());
        assertEquals("Name is changed", "Larsson", owner.getLastName());

    }

Answer 2

A JUnit4 test with Autowired and bean mocking (Mockito):

// JUnit starts spring context
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// spring load context configuration from AppConfig class
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AppConfig.class)
// overriding some properties with test values if you need
@TestPropertySource(properties = {
        "spring.someConfigValue=your-test-value",
})
public class PersonServiceTest {

    @MockBean
    private PersonRepository repository;

    @Autowired
    private PersonService personService; // uses PersonRepository    

    @Test
    public void testSomething() {
        // using Mockito
        when(repository.findByName(any())).thenReturn(Collection.emptyList());
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setName(null);

        // when
        boolean found = personService.checkSomething(person);

        // then
        assertTrue(found, "Something is wrong");
    }
}

Answer 3

I've done it with two annotations for test class: @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) and @SpringBootTest. Example:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class )
@SpringBootTest
public class ProtocolTransactionServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private ProtocolTransactionService protocolTransactionService;
}

@SpringBootTest loads the whole context, which was OK in my case.

Answer 4

I think somewhere in your codebase are you @Autowiring the concrete class ServiceImpl where you should be autowiring it's interface (presumably MyService).

Answer 5

You should make another XML-spring configuration file in your test resource folder or just copy the old one, it looks fine, but if you're trying to start a web context for testing a micro service, just put the following code as your master test class and inherits from that:

@WebAppConfiguration
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath*:spring-test-config.xml")
public abstract class AbstractRestTest {
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;
}

Answer 6

In Spring 2.1.5 at least, the XML file can be conveniently replaced by annotations. Piggy backing on @Sembrano's answer, I have this. "Look ma, no XML".

It appears I to had list all the classes I need @Autowired in the @ComponentScan

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ComponentScan(
    basePackageClasses = {
            OwnerService.class
            })
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class OwnerIntegrationTest {
    
    @Autowired
    OwnerService ownerService;
    
    @Test
    public void testOwnerService() {
       Assert.assertNotNull(ownerService);
    }
}