I had the same problem, when suddenly any test didn't appeared on Test Explorer window.
I has the updated version of "NUnit3TestAdapter"
and after lots of searches and efforts,
I found that I need set the following values in project properties:
[In Solution Explorer window: right click on Project > Properties]
Under Build tab, set Platform=x64, and set Platform target=x86 or Any CPU
Build the project and all tests will be appear on Test Explorer window.
Important note:
I came to a solution after seeing the next msg in the output window:
"Test run will use DLL(s) built for framework Framework45 and platform X86. Following DLL(s) will not be part of run: AutomationTests.dll is built for Framework Framework45 and Platform X64."