Stretch and scale CSS background

Question

Is there a way to get a background in CSS to stretch or scale to fill its container?

Answer 1

Scaling an image with CSS is not quite possible, but a similar effect can be achieved in the following manner, though.

Use this markup:

<div id="background">
    <img src="img.jpg" class="stretch" alt="" />
</div>

with the following CSS:

#background {
    width: 100%; 
    height: 100%; 
    position: absolute; 
    left: 0px; 
    top: 0px; 
    z-index: 0;
}

.stretch {
    width:100%;
    height:100%;
}

and you should be done!

In order to scale the image to be "full bleed" and maintain the aspect ratio, you can do this instead:

.stretch { min-width:100%; min-height:100%; width:auto; height:auto; }

It works out quite nicely! If one dimension is cropped, however, it will be cropped on only one side of the image, rather than being evenly cropped on both sides (and centered). I've tested it in Firefox, Webkit, and Internet Explorer 8.

Answer 2

Not currently. It will be available in CSS 3, but it will take some time until it's implemented in most browsers.

Answer 3

In one word: no. The only way to stretch an image is with the <img> tag. You'll have to be creative.

This used to be true in 2008, when the answer was written. Today modern browsers support background-size which solves this problem. Beware that IE8 doesn't support it.

Answer 4

Another great solution for this is Srobbin's Backstretch which can be applied to the body or any element on the page - http://srobbin.com/jquery-plugins/backstretch/

Answer 5

Try this

http://jsfiddle.net/5LZ55/4/

body
{ 
    background: url(http://p1.pichost.me/i/40/1639647.jpg) no-repeat fixed; 
    background-size: cover;
    -webkit-background-size: cover;
    -moz-background-size: cover;
    -o-background-size: cover;
}

Answer 6

Define "stretch and scale"...

If you've got a bitmap format, it's generally not great (graphically speaking) to stretch it and pull it about. You can use repeatable patterns to give the illusion of the same effect. For instance if you have a gradient that gets lighter towards the bottom of the page, then you would use a graphic that's a single pixel wide and the same height as your container (or preferably larger to account for scaling) and then tile it across the page. Likewise, if the gradient ran across the page, it would be one pixel high and wider than your container and repeated down the page.

Normally to give the illusion of it stretching to fill the container when the container grows or shrinks, you make the image larger than the container. Any overlap would not be displayed outside the bounds of the container.

If you want an effect that relies on something like a box with curved edges, then you would stick the left side of your box to the left side of your container with enough overlap that (within reason) no matter how large the container, it never runs out of background and then you layer an image of the right side of the box with curved edges and position it on the right of the container. Thus as the container shrinks or grows, the curved box effect appears to shrink or grow with it - it doesn't in fact, but it gives the illusion that is what's happening.

As for really making the image shrink and grow with the container, you would need to use some layering tricks to make the image appear to function as a background and some javascript to resize it with the container. There's no current way of doing this with CSS...

If you're using vector graphics, you're way outside my realm of expertise I'm afraid.