Is a GUID unique 100% of the time?

Question

Is a GUID unique 100% of the time?

Will it stay unique over multiple threads?

Answer 1

For more better result the best way is to append the GUID with the timestamp (Just to make sure that it stays unique)

Guid.NewGuid().ToString() + DateTime.Now.ToString();

Answer 2

Yes, a GUID should always be unique. It is based on both hardware and time, plus a few extra bits to make sure it's unique. I'm sure it's theoretically possible to end up with two identical ones, but extremely unlikely in a real-world scenario.

Here's a great article by Raymond Chen on Guids:

https://blogs.msdn.com/oldnewthing/archive/2008/06/27/8659071.aspx ​ ​ ​

Answer 3

Eric Lippert has written a very interesting series of articles about GUIDs.

There are on the order 2³⁰ personal computers in the world (and of course lots of hand-held devices or non-PC computing devices that have more or less the same levels of computing power, but lets ignore those). Let's assume that we put all those PCs in the world to the task of generating GUIDs; if each one can generate, say, 2²⁰ GUIDs per second then after only about 2⁷² seconds -- one hundred and fifty trillion years -- you'll have a very high chance of generating a collision with your specific GUID. And the odds of collision get pretty good after only thirty trillion years.

• GUID Guide, part one
• GUID Guide, part two
• GUID Guide, part three

Answer 4

I have experienced the GUIDs not being unique during multi-threaded/multi-process unit-testing (too?). I guess that has to do with, all other tings being equal, the identical seeding (or lack of seeding) of pseudo random generators. I was using it for generating unique file names. I found the OS is much better at doing that :)

Trolling alert

You ask if GUIDs are 100% unique. That depends on the number of GUIDs it must be unique among. As the number of GUIDs approach infinity, the probability for duplicate GUIDs approach 100%.

Answer 5

In a more general sense, this is known as the "birthday problem" or "birthday paradox". Wikipedia has a pretty good overview at: Wikipedia - Birthday Problem

In very rough terms, the square root of the size of the pool is a rough approximation of when you can expect a 50% chance of a duplicate. The article includes a probability table of pool size and various probabilities, including a row for 2^128. So for a 1% probability of collision you would expect to randomly pick 2.6*10^18 128-bit numbers. A 50% chance requires 2.2*10^19 picks, while SQRT(2^128) is 1.8*10^19.

Of course, that is just the ideal case of a truly random process. As others mentioned, a lot is riding on the that random aspect - just how good is the generator and seed? It would be nice if there was some hardware support to assist with this process which would be more bullet-proof except that anything can be spoofed or virtualized. I suspect that might be the reason why MAC addresses/time-stamps are no longer incorporated.

Answer 6

It should not happen. However, when .NET is under a heavy load, it is possible to get duplicate guids. I have two different web servers using two different sql servers. I went to merge the data and found I had 15 million guids and 7 duplicates.