Upgrade pip as follows:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
Note: You may need to use sudo python
above if not in a virtual environment.
What's happening:
Python.org sites are stopping support for TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1. This means that Mac OS X version 10.12 (Sierra) or older will not be able to use pip unless they upgrade pip as above.
(Note that upgrading pip via pip install --upgrade pip
will also not upgrade it correctly. It is a chicken-and-egg issue)
This thread explains it (thanks to this Twitter post):
Mac users who use pip and PyPI:
If you are running macOS/OS X version 10.12 or older, then you ought
to upgrade to the latest pip (9.0.3) to connect to the Python Package
Index securely:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
and we recommend you do that by April 8th.
Pip 9.0.3 supports TLSv1.2 when running under system Python on macOS <
10.13. Official release notes: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news/
Also, the Python status page:
Completed - The rolling brownouts are finished, and TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1 have been disabled. Apr 11, 15:37 UTC
Update - The rolling brownouts have been upgraded to a blackout, TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1 will be rejected with a HTTP 403 at all times.
Apr 8, 15:49 UTC
Lastly, to avoid other install errors, make sure you also upgrade setuptools after doing the above:
pip install --upgrade setuptools