How to define a __str__ method for a class?

Question

In Python, the object class serves as the root superclass for all the (new-style) classes. By default at least, applying str and repr

Answer 1

Actually the same mechanism as for object instances applies for types. Types are just objects themselves, so they are converted to strings by calling the __str__() method on their type, which is called the "metaclass". So you have to overwrite the __str__() method on the metaclass:

class fancytype(type):
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__name__
class ham(object):
    __metaclass__ = fancytype
print ham

prints

ham

Answer 2

You can also set the default metaclass for a whole module like this

class fancytype(type):
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__name__

__metaclass__ = fancytype

class ham:
    pass
print ham

Answer 3

Here's the new answer for Python 3. Basically, you pass in a metaclass as a keyword parameter to the class definition.

class fancytype(type):
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__name__
class ham(metaclass=fancytype):
    pass
print(ham)

prints

ham