Gson - deserialization to specific object type based on field value

Question

I want to deserialize json objects to specific types of objects (using Gson library) based on type field value, eg.:

[
    {
          \"type\":         


        

Answer 1

@stephane-k 's answer works, but it is a bit confusing and could be improved upon (see comments to his answer)

Copy https://github.com/google/gson/blob/master/extras/src/main/java/com/google/gson/typeadapters/RuntimeTypeAdapterFactory.java into your project. (It's ok; these classes are designed to be copy/pasted https://github.com/google/gson/issues/845#issuecomment-217231315)

Setup model inheritance:

// abstract is optional
abstract class BaseClass {
}

class Type1Model extends BaseClass {
}

class Type2Model extends BaseClass {
}

Setup GSON or update existing GSON:

RuntimeTypeAdapterFactory<BaseClass> typeAdapterFactory = RuntimeTypeAdapterFactory
        .of(BaseClass.class, "type")
        .registerSubtype(Type1Model.class, "type1")
        .registerSubtype(Type2Model.class, "type2");

Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().registerTypeAdapterFactory(typeAdapterFactory)
                .create();

Deserialize your JSON into base class:

String jsonString = ...
BaseClass baseInstance = gson.fromJson(jsonString, BaseClass.class);

baseInstance will be instanceof either Type1Model or Type2Model.

From here you can either code to an interface or check instanceof and cast.

Answer 2

If you have a lot of sub types and you do not want to or cannot maintain a list of them, you can also use an annotation based approach.

Here is the required code and also some usage examples: https://gist.github.com/LostMekka/d90ade1fe051732d6b4ac60deea4f9c2 (it is Kotlin, but can easily be ported to Java)

For me, this approach is especially appealing, since I write a small library that does not know all possible sub types at compile time.

Answer 3

You may implement a JsonDeserializer and use it while parsing your Json value to a Java instance. I'll try to show it with a code which is going to give you the idea:

1) Define your custom JsonDeserializer class which creates different instance of classes by incoming json value's id property:

class MyTypeModelDeserializer implements JsonDeserializer<MyBaseTypeModel> {

    @Override
    public MyBaseTypeModel deserialize(final JsonElement json, final Type typeOfT, final JsonDeserializationContext context)
            throws JsonParseException {

        JsonObject jsonObject = json.getAsJsonObject();

        JsonElement jsonType = jsonObject.get("type");
        String type = jsonType.getAsString();

        MyBaseTypeModel typeModel = null;     

        if("type1".equals(type)) {
            typeModel = new Type1Model();
        } else if("type2".equals(type)) {
            typeModel = new Type2Model();
        }
        // TODO : set properties of type model

        return typeModel;
    }
}

2) Define a base class for your different instance of java objects:

class  MyBaseTypeModel {
    private String type;
    // TODO : add other shared fields here
}

3) Define your different instance of java objects' classes which extend your base class:

class Type1Model extends MyBaseTypeModel {
    // TODO: add specific fields for this class
}

class Type2Model extends MyBaseTypeModel {
    // TODO: add specific fields for this class
}

4) Use these classes while parsing your json value to a bean:

GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
gsonBuilder.registerTypeAdapter(MyBaseTypeModel.class, new MyTypeModelDeserializer());
Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();

MyBaseTypeModel myTypeModel = gson.fromJson(myJsonString, MyBaseTypeModel.class);

I can not test it right now but I hope you get the idea. Also this link would be very helpful.

Answer 4

use https://github.com/google/gson/blob/master/extras/src/main/java/com/google/gson/typeadapters/RuntimeTypeAdapterFactory.java

then configure it with

public static final class JsonAdapterFactory extends 
    RuntimeTypeAdapterFactory<MediumSummaryInfo> {
        public JsonAdapterFactory() {
            super(MyBaseType.class, "type");
            registerSubtype(MySubtype1.class, "type1");
            registerSubtype(MySubtype2.class, "type2");
        }
}

and add the annotation:

@JsonAdapter(MyBaseType.JsonAdapterFactory.class)

to MyBaseType

Much better.