How to implement a binary search tree in Python?

Question

This is what I\'ve got so far but it is not working:

class Node:
    rChild,lChild,data = None,None,None

    def __init__(self,key):
        self.rChild = N         


        

Answer 1

A simple, recursive method with only 1 function and using an array of values:

class TreeNode(object):

    def __init__(self, value: int, left=None, right=None):
        super().__init__()
        self.value = value
        self.left = left
        self.right = right

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.value)


def create_node(values, lower, upper) -> TreeNode:
    if lower > upper:
        return None

    index = (lower + upper) // 2

    value = values[index]
    node = TreeNode(value=value)
    node.left = create_node(values, lower, index - 1)
    node.right = create_node(values, index + 1, upper)

    return node


def print_bst(node: TreeNode):
    if node:
        # Simple pre-order traversal when printing the tree
        print("node: {}".format(node))
        print_bst(node.left)
        print_bst(node.right)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    vals = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    bst = create_node(vals, lower=0, upper=len(vals) - 1)
    print_bst(bst)

As you can see, we really only need 1 method, which is recursive: create_node. We pass in the full values array in each create_node method call, however, we update the lower and upper index values every time that we make the recursive call.

Then, using the lower and upper index values, we calculate the index value of the current node and capture it in value. This value is the value for the current node, which we use to create a node.

From there, we set the values of left and right by recursively calling the function, until we reach the end state of the recursion call when lower is greater than upper.

Important: we update the value of upper when creating the left side of the tree. Conversely, we update the value of lower when creating the right side of the tree.

Hopefully this helps!

Answer 2

class Node:
    rChild,lChild,parent,data = None,None,None,0    

def __init__(self,key):
    self.rChild = None
    self.lChild = None
    self.parent = None
    self.data = key 

class Tree:
    root,size = None,0
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = None
        self.size = 0
    def insert(self,someNumber):
        self.size = self.size+1
        if self.root is None:
            self.root = Node(someNumber)
        else:
            self.insertWithNode(self.root, someNumber)    

    def insertWithNode(self,node,someNumber):
        if node.lChild is None and node.rChild is None:#external node
            if someNumber > node.data:
                newNode = Node(someNumber)
                node.rChild = newNode
                newNode.parent = node
            else:
                newNode = Node(someNumber)
                node.lChild = newNode
                newNode.parent = node
        else: #not external
            if someNumber > node.data:
                if node.rChild is not None:
                    self.insertWithNode(node.rChild, someNumber)
                else: #if empty node
                    newNode = Node(someNumber)
                    node.rChild = newNode
                    newNode.parent = node 
            else:
                if node.lChild is not None:
                    self.insertWithNode(node.lChild, someNumber)
                else:
                    newNode = Node(someNumber)
                    node.lChild = newNode
                    newNode.parent = node                    

    def printTree(self,someNode):
        if someNode is None:
            pass
        else:
            self.printTree(someNode.lChild)
            print someNode.data
            self.printTree(someNode.rChild)

def main():  
    t = Tree()
    t.insert(5)  
    t.insert(3)
    t.insert(7)
    t.insert(4)
    t.insert(2)
    t.insert(1)
    t.insert(6)
    t.printTree(t.root)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

My solution.

Answer 3

Here is a working solution.

class BST:
    def __init__(self,data):
        self.root = data
        self.left = None
        self.right = None

    def insert(self,data):
        if self.root == None:
            self.root = BST(data)
        elif data > self.root:
            if self.right == None:
                self.right = BST(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)
        elif data < self.root:
            if self.left == None:
                self.left = BST(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)

    def inordertraversal(self):
        if self.left != None:
            self.left.inordertraversal()
        print (self.root),
        if self.right != None:
            self.right.inordertraversal()

t = BST(4)
t.insert(1)
t.insert(7)
t.insert(3)
t.insert(6)
t.insert(2)
t.insert(5)
t.inordertraversal()

Answer 4

The following code is basic on @DTing‘s answer and what I learn from class, which uses a while loop to insert (indicated in the code).

class Node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.l_child = None
        self.r_child = None
        self.data = val


def binary_insert(root, node):
    y = None
    x = root
    z = node
    #while loop here
    while x is not None:
        y = x
        if z.data < x.data:
            x = x.l_child
        else:
            x = x.r_child
    z.parent = y
    if y == None:
        root = z
    elif z.data < y.data:
        y.l_child = z
    else:
        y.r_child = z


def in_order_print(root):
    if not root:
        return
    in_order_print(root.l_child)
    print(root.data)
    in_order_print(root.r_child)


r = Node(3)
binary_insert(r, Node(7))
binary_insert(r, Node(1))
binary_insert(r, Node(5))

in_order_print(r)

Answer 5

class BST:
    def __init__(self, val=None):
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
        self.val = val

    def __str__(self):
        return "[%s, %s, %s]" % (self.left, str(self.val), self.right)

    def isEmpty(self):
        return self.left == self.right == self.val == None

    def insert(self, val):
        if self.isEmpty():
            self.val = val
        elif val < self.val:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = BST(val)
            else:
                self.left.insert(val)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = BST(val)
            else:
                self.right.insert(val)

a = BST(1)
a.insert(2)
a.insert(3)
a.insert(0)
print a

Answer 6

Another Python BST with sort key (defaulting to value)

LEFT = 0
RIGHT = 1
VALUE = 2
SORT_KEY = -1

class BinarySearchTree(object):

    def __init__(self, sort_key=None):
        self._root = []  
        self._sort_key = sort_key
        self._len = 0  

def insert(self, val):
    if self._sort_key is None:
        sort_key = val // if no sort key, sort key is value
    else:
        sort_key = self._sort_key(val)

    node = self._root
    while node:
        if sort_key < node[_SORT_KEY]:
            node = node[LEFT]
        else:
            node = node[RIGHT]

    if sort_key is val:
        node[:] = [[], [], val]
    else:
        node[:] = [[], [], val, sort_key]
    self._len += 1

def minimum(self):
    return self._extreme_node(LEFT)[VALUE]

def maximum(self):
    return self._extreme_node(RIGHT)[VALUE]

def find(self, sort_key):
    return self._find(sort_key)[VALUE]

def _extreme_node(self, side):
    if not self._root:
        raise IndexError('Empty')
    node = self._root
    while node[side]:
        node = node[side]
    return node

def _find(self, sort_key):
    node = self._root
    while node:
        node_key = node[SORT_KEY]
        if sort_key < node_key:
            node = node[LEFT]
        elif sort_key > node_key:
            node = node[RIGHT]
        else:
            return node
    raise KeyError("%r not found" % sort_key)