What is the simplest way to swap each pair of adjoining chars in a string with Python?

Question

I want to swap each pair of characters in a string. \'2143\' becomes \'1234\', \'badcfe\' becomes \'abcdef\'.

How

Answer 1

If performance or elegance is not an issue, and you just want clarity and have the job done then simply use this:

def swap(text, ch1, ch2):
    text = text.replace(ch2, '!',)
    text = text.replace(ch1, ch2)
    text = text.replace('!', ch1)
    return text

This allows you to swap or simply replace chars or substring. For example, to swap 'ab' <-> 'de' in a text:

_str = "abcdefabcdefabcdef"
print swap(_str, 'ab','de') #decabfdecabfdecabf

Answer 2

Do you want the digits sorted? Or are you swapping odd/even indexed digits? Your example is totally unclear.

Sort:

s = '2143'
p=list(s)
p.sort()
s = "".join(p)

s is now '1234'. The trick is here that list(string) breaks it into characters.

Answer 3

oneliner:

>>> s = 'badcfe'
>>> ''.join([ s[x:x+2][::-1] for x in range(0, len(s), 2) ])
'abcdef'

• s[x:x+2] returns string slice from x to x+2; it is safe for odd len(s).
• [::-1] reverses the string in Python
• range(0, len(s), 2) returns 0, 2, 4, 6 ... while x < len(s)

Answer 4

One more way:

>>> s='123456'
>>> ''.join([''.join(el) for el in zip(s[1::2], s[0::2])])
'214365'

Answer 5

''.join(s[i+1]+s[i] for i in range(0, len(s), 2)) # 10.6 usec per loop

or

''.join(x+y for x, y in zip(s[1::2], s[::2])) # 10.3 usec per loop

or if the string can have an odd length:

''.join(x+y for x, y in itertools.izip_longest(s[1::2], s[::2], fillvalue=''))

Note that this won't work with old versions of Python (if I'm not mistaking older than 2.5).

The benchmark was run on python-2.7-8.fc14.1.x86_64 and a Core 2 Duo 6400 CPU with s='0123456789'*4.

Answer 6

Loop over length of string by twos and swap:

def oddswap(st):
    s = list(st)
    for c in range(0,len(s),2):
        t=s[c]
        s[c]=s[c+1]
        s[c+1]=t

    return "".join(s)

giving:

>>> s
'foobar'
>>> oddswap(s)
'ofbora'

and fails on odd-length strings with an IndexError exception.