PHP cannot do this, only a client-side language like JavaScript can. That being said, the jQuery library would allow you to do this really easily with its AJAX functionality.
Index.php
<div id="scores"><!-- score data here --></div>
Could be refreshed with the following JavaScript:
$("#scores").load("index.php #scores");
That would load the contents of #score
from index again without refreshing the entire page.
You could even automate it to refresh every 30 seconds using setInterval()
;
var $scores = $("#scores");
setInterval(function () {
$scores.load("index.php #scores");
}, 30000);
You can read more about $.load()
at http://api.jquery.com/load/#loading-page-fragments.