PHP include best practices question

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I have been learning syntax for PHP and practicing it. I come from a .NET background so masterpages always made things pretty easy for me when it came to headers and footer

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我在风中等你

2020-11-29 19:53

I like using functions to print headers and footers instead of includes. You can fine tune the variable scope better that way.

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刺人心

2020-11-29 20:00
What you're doing is ok until you start using "Views" or "Templates" in which case you no longer arrange your content HTML inside the "controller" or "action" running.

Instead you will load a view and populate it with values which leaves all the HTML source ordering to the view and not your PHP file.
```
$view = new View('layout.php');
$view->header = $header;
$view->content = 'This is the main content!';
$view->footer = $footer;
print $view;
```
which then loads the layout file which looks something like this:
```
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        ...
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="header"><?php print $header; ?></div>
        <div id="content"><?php print $content; ?></div>
        <div id="footer"><?php print $footer; ?></div>
    </body>
</html>
```
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长发绾君心

2020-11-29 20:03
The accepted answer is form 2010 and things have changed in the past ten years.

The way to go, now with composer having replaced most hand wired autoloaders, the best practice is to use a single require_once utilizing __DIR__ from a script in a fixed, known place:
```
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
```
Using define() is not common anymore.

According to the environment agnostic approach, dependencies from the environment get injected to the application using .env or similiar.
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一个人的身影

2020-11-29 20:05

The good practice nowadays is to use a templating engine, such as smarty. For the whole application consider using a framework, like codeigniter.

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终归单人心

2020-11-29 20:06

To summarize all the above.
That's good way to use includes, but do not forget to use a template page for the page contents.

Partly based on Galen's and Balus':

page.php

require $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/../config.php';
$data = get_data(); // assume we get all required data here.
$pagetitle = "This is a sample page";
$template = "page.tpl.php";
include "main.tpl.php";

main.tpl.php

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
    <head> 
         <title><?php echo $pagetitle?></title>
    </head> 
    <body> 
        <?php include $template ?> 
    </body> 
</html>

page.tpl.php something like this:

<h1><?php echo $pagetitle?></h1>
<?php if (!$data): ?>
No news yet :-(
<?php else: ?>
<ul>
<? foreach ($data as $row): ?>
<li><a href="news.php?id=<?php echo $row['name']?>"><?php echo $row['name']?></a></li>
<?php endforeach ?>
</ul>
<?php endif ?>

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北海茫月

2020-11-29 20:07

I include my views from my controllers. I also define file locations to make maintenance easier.

config.php

define('DIR_BASE',      dirname( dirname( __FILE__ ) ) . '/');
define('DIR_SYSTEM',    DIR_BASE . 'system/');
define('DIR_VIEWS',     DIR_SYSTEM . 'views/');
define('DIR_CTLS',      DIR_SYSTEM . 'ctls/');
define('DIR_MDLS',      DIR_SYSTEM . 'mdls/');
define('VIEW_HEADER',   DIR_VIEWS . 'header.php');
define('VIEW_NAVIGATION',   DIR_VIEWS . 'navigation.php');
define('VIEW_FOOTER',   DIR_VIEWS . 'footer.php');

Now i have all the info i need just by including config.php.

controller.php

require( '../config.php' );
include( DIR_MDLS . 'model.php' );

$model = new model();
if ( $model->getStuff() ) {
    $page_to_load = DIR_VIEWS . 'page.php';
}
else {
    $page_to_load = DIR_VIEWS . 'otherpage.php';
}

include( VIEW_HEADER );
include( VIEW_NAVIGATION );
include( DIR_VIEWS . $page_to_load );
include( VIEW_FOOTER );

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