The only command that I know that works on other versions is \"adb shell dumpsys iphonesubinfo\" but it doesn\'t seem to work on Android 5.0.
To get TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()
you can do:
adb shell service call iphonesubinfo 1
If you have problems with parsing service call
output check out https://gist.github.com/ktnr74/60ac7bcc2cd17b43f2cb
Or you can do it on the device side with this Windows one-liner:
adb shell "service call iphonesubinfo 1 | grep -o '[0-9a-f]\{8\} ' | tail -n+3 | while read a; do echo -n \\u${a:4:4}\\u${a:0:4}; done"
Or in Linux:
adb shell 'service call iphonesubinfo 1 | grep -o "[0-9a-f]\{8\} " | tail -n+3 | while read a; do echo -n "\u${a:4:4}\u${a:0:4}"; done'