Convert float to std::string in C++

Question

I have a float value that needs to be put into a std::string. How do I convert from float to string?

float val = 2.5;
std::string my_val = val;          


        

Answer 1

As of C++11, the standard C++ library provides the function std::to_string(arg) with various supported types for arg.

Answer 2

Important:
Read the note at the end.

Quick answer :
Use to_string(). (available since c++11)
example :

#include <iostream>   
#include <string>  

using namespace std;
int main ()
{
    string pi = "pi is " + to_string(3.1415926);
    cout<< "pi = "<< pi << endl;

  return 0;
}

run it yourself : http://ideone.com/7ejfaU
These are available as well :

string to_string (int val);
string to_string (long val);
string to_string (long long val);
string to_string (unsigned val);
string to_string (unsigned long val);
string to_string (unsigned long long val);
string to_string (float val);
string to_string (double val);
string to_string (long double val);

Important Note:
As @Michael Konečný rightfully pointed out, using to_string() is risky at best that is its very likely to cause unexpected results.
From http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/to_string :

With floating point types std::to_string may yield unexpected results as the number of significant digits in the returned string can be zero, see the example.
The return value may differ significantly from what std::cout prints by default, see the example. std::to_string relies on the current locale for formatting purposes, and therefore concurrent calls to std::to_string from multiple threads may result in partial serialization of calls. C++17 provides std::to_chars as a higher-performance locale-independent alternative.

The best way would be to use stringstream as others such as @dcp demonstrated in his answer.:

This issue is demonstrated in the following example :
run the example yourself : https://www.jdoodle.com/embed/v0/T4k

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

template < typename Type > std::string to_str (const Type & t)
{
  std::ostringstream os;
  os << t;
  return os.str ();
}

int main ()
{

  // more info : https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/to_string
  double    f = 23.43;
  double    f2 = 1e-9;
  double    f3 = 1e40;
  double    f4 = 1e-40;
  double    f5 = 123456789;
  std::string f_str = std::to_string (f);
  std::string f_str2 = std::to_string (f2); // Note: returns "0.000000"
  std::string f_str3 = std::to_string (f3); // Note: Does not return "1e+40".
  std::string f_str4 = std::to_string (f4); // Note: returns "0.000000"
  std::string f_str5 = std::to_string (f5);

  std::cout << "std::cout: " << f << '\n'
    << "to_string: " << f_str << '\n'
    << "ostringstream: " << to_str (f) << "\n\n"
    << "std::cout: " << f2 << '\n'
    << "to_string: " << f_str2 << '\n'
    << "ostringstream: " << to_str (f2) << "\n\n"
    << "std::cout: " << f3 << '\n'
    << "to_string: " << f_str3 << '\n'
    << "ostringstream: " << to_str (f3) << "\n\n"
    << "std::cout: " << f4 << '\n'
    << "to_string: " << f_str4 << '\n'
    << "ostringstream: " << to_str (f4) << "\n\n"
    << "std::cout: " << f5 << '\n'
    << "to_string: " << f_str5 << '\n'
    << "ostringstream: " << to_str (f5) << '\n';

  return 0;
}

output :

std::cout: 23.43
to_string: 23.430000
ostringstream: 23.43

std::cout: 1e-09
to_string: 0.000000
ostringstream: 1e-09

std::cout: 1e+40
to_string: 10000000000000000303786028427003666890752.000000
ostringstream: 1e+40

std::cout: 1e-40
to_string: 0.000000
ostringstream: 1e-40

std::cout: 1.23457e+08
to_string: 123456789.000000
ostringstream: 1.23457e+08