First off, it's SEO and user friendly, but in the case of the example (this site), it's not done well or correctly
(as it is open to black hat tricks and rank poisoning by others, which would reflect badly on this site).
If
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47427/why-do-some-websites-add-slugs-to-the-end-of-urls
has the content, then
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47427/
and
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47427/any-other-bollix
should not be duplicates. They should actually automatically detect the link followed is not using the current text (as obviously the slug is defined by the question title and can be later edited) and they should redirect 301 automatically to
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47427/why-do-some-websites-add-slugs-to-the-end-of-urls
thus ensuring the "one piece of content to one URI" rule, and if the URI moves/changes, ensure the old bookmarks follow/move with it through 301 redirects (so intelligent browsers can update the bookmarks).