Calculating the angle between two lines without having to calculate the slope? (Java)

Question

I have two Lines: L1 and L2. I want to calculate the angle between the two lines. L1 has points: {(x1, y1), (x2, y2)} and L2 has points: {(x3, y3), (x4, y

Answer 1

The formula for getting the angle is tan a = (slope1-slope2)/(1+slope1*slope2)

You are using:

tan a = (slope1 - slope2) / (1 - slope1 * slope2)

So it should be:

double angle = Math.atan((slope1 - slope2) / (1 + slope1 * slope2));

Answer 2

dx1 = x2-x1;
dy1 = y2-y1;
dx2 = x4-x3;
dy2 = y4-y3;

d = dx1*dx2 + dy1*dy2;   // dot product of the 2 vectors
l2 = (dx1*dx1+dy1*dy1)*(dx2*dx2+dy2*dy2) // product of the squared lengths

angle = acos(d/sqrt(l2));

The dot product of 2 vectors is equal to the cosine of the angle time the length of both vectors. This computes the dot product, divides by the length of the vectors and uses the inverse cosine function to recover the angle.

Answer 3

Maybe my approach for Android coordinates system will be useful for someone (used Android PointF class to store points)

/**
 * Calculate angle between two lines with two given points
 *
 * @param A1 First point first line
 * @param A2 Second point first line
 * @param B1 First point second line
 * @param B2 Second point second line
 * @return Angle between two lines in degrees
 */

public static float angleBetween2Lines(PointF A1, PointF A2, PointF B1, PointF B2) {
    float angle1 = (float) Math.atan2(A2.y - A1.y, A1.x - A2.x);
    float angle2 = (float) Math.atan2(B2.y - B1.y, B1.x - B2.x);
    float calculatedAngle = (float) Math.toDegrees(angle1 - angle2);
    if (calculatedAngle < 0) calculatedAngle += 360;
    return calculatedAngle;
}

It return positive value in degrees for any quadrant: 0 <= x < 360

You can checkout my utility class here

Answer 4

Dot product is probably more useful in this case. Here you can find a geometry package for Java which provides some useful helpers. Below is their calculation for determining the angle between two 3-d points. Hopefully it will get you started:

public static double computeAngle (double[] p0, double[] p1, double[] p2)
{
  double[] v0 = Geometry.createVector (p0, p1);
  double[] v1 = Geometry.createVector (p0, p2);

  double dotProduct = Geometry.computeDotProduct (v0, v1);

  double length1 = Geometry.length (v0);
  double length2 = Geometry.length (v1);

  double denominator = length1 * length2;

  double product = denominator != 0.0 ? dotProduct / denominator : 0.0;

  double angle = Math.acos (product);

  return angle;
}

Good luck!

Answer 5

First, are you sure the brackets are in the right order? I think (could be wrong) it should be this:

   double slope1 = (line1.getY1() - line1.getY2()) / (line1.getX1() - line1.getX2());
   double slope2 = (line2.getY1() - line2.getY2()) / (line2.getX1() - line2.getX2());

Second, there are two things you could do for the div by zero: you could catch the exception and handle it

double angle;
try
{
    angle = Math.atan((slope1 - slope2) / (1 - (slope1 * slope2)));
catch (DivideByZeroException dbze)
{
    //Do something about it!
}

...or you could check that your divisors are never zero before you attempt the operation.

if ((1 - (slope1 * slope2))==0)
{
    return /*something meaningful to avoid the div by zero*/
}
else 
{
    double angle = Math.atan((slope1 - slope2) / (1 - (slope1 * slope2)));
    return angle;
 }

Answer 6

The atan2 function eases the pain of dealing with atan.

It is declared as double atan2(double y, double x) and converts rectangular coordinates (x,y) to the angle theta from the polar coordinates (r,theta)

So I'd rewrite your code as

public static double angleBetween2Lines(Line2D line1, Line2D line2)
{
    double angle1 = Math.atan2(line1.getY1() - line1.getY2(),
                               line1.getX1() - line1.getX2());
    double angle2 = Math.atan2(line2.getY1() - line2.getY2(),
                               line2.getX1() - line2.getX2());
    return angle1-angle2;
}